Wound closure expectations after fasciotomy for paediatric compartment syndrome. (February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shirley, E. D.; Mai, V.; Neal, K. M.; Kiebzak, G. M.
• Is Part Of: Journal of children's orthopaedics. Volume 12:Number 1(2018)
• Page Start: 9
• Page End: 14
• Publication Date: 2018-02
• Subjects: Paediatric compartment syndrome -- wound closure -- skin graft; Pediatric orthopedics -- Periodicals; 618.927005
• DOI: 10.1302/1863-2548.12.170102
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1863-2521

Abstract

Purpose: Acute compartment syndrome often requires additional surgery to achieve wound closure. Little information exists regarding the expected number of surgeries, techniques and complications after closure in paediatric patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review identified patients treated for acute compartment syndrome at four hospitals over a ten-year period. The cause of injury, type of dressing, number of surgeries, type of closure and complications were recorded. Results: In all, 32 patients (mean 10.9 years, 1 to 17) who underwent 18 lower and 14 upper extremity fasciotomies met inclusion criteria. Definitive wound closure technique was delayed primary in 72%, split thickness skin graft in 25%, and primary in 3% of patients. Closure required a mean 2.4 surgeries (0 to 4) over a mean 7.7 days (0 to 34). Days to closure and number of surgeries required were not significantly affected by mechanism of injury, fasciotomy location or type of dressing used. A total of 23.1% of patients with upper extremity and 0% with lower extremity fasciotomies had concerns about the scar appearance. Other complications included neurapraxia (6.7%), stiffness (6.7%), swelling (3.3%), scar pain (3.3%) and weakness (3.3%). Conclusions: The most common complication after paediatric compartment syndrome is an unpleasant scar. Wound closure after upper or lower extremity fasciotomies in paediatric patients requires a split thickness skin graft in approximately one in four patients. However, avoiding a skin graft does not guarantee the absence of cosmetic concerns, which are more likely following upper extremity fasciotomies. Level of Evidence: IV