Large home range scavengers support higher rates of carcass removal. (15th July 2020)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Large home range scavengers support higher rates of carcass removal. (15th July 2020)
- Main Title:
- Large home range scavengers support higher rates of carcass removal
- Authors:
- Gutiérrez‐Cánovas, Cayetano
Moleón, Marcos
Mateo‐Tomás, Patricia
Olea, Pedro P.
Sebastián‐González, Esther
Sánchez‐Zapata, José Antonio - Editors:
- Gremillet, David
- Abstract:
- Abstract: Vertebrate scavenger communities vary in species composition across the globe. They include a wide array of species with diverse ecological strategies and life histories that support essential ecosystem functions, such as carrion removal. While previous studies have mostly focussed on how community aspects such as species richness and composition affect carrion consumption rates, it remains unclear whether this important function of scavengers is better explained by the dominance of key functional traits or niche complementarity as a result of a diverse functional representation. Here, we test three competitive hypotheses to assess if carrion consumption in vertebrate scavenger communities depends on: (a) the presence of key dominant traits (functional identity hypothesis), (b) functional diversity that promotes niche complementarity (functional diversity hypothesis) or (c) the accumulation of individuals and species, irrespective of their trait representation (functional equivalence). To explore these hypotheses, we used five study areas in Spain and South Africa, which represent a gradient of scavenger biodiversity, that is, ranging from communities dominated by facultative scavengers, such as generalists and meso‐predators, to those including vultures and large carnivores. Within study areas, traits that characterize obligate scavengers or large carnivores (e.g. mean home range, proportion of social foragers) were positively linked to rapid carrion consumption,Abstract: Vertebrate scavenger communities vary in species composition across the globe. They include a wide array of species with diverse ecological strategies and life histories that support essential ecosystem functions, such as carrion removal. While previous studies have mostly focussed on how community aspects such as species richness and composition affect carrion consumption rates, it remains unclear whether this important function of scavengers is better explained by the dominance of key functional traits or niche complementarity as a result of a diverse functional representation. Here, we test three competitive hypotheses to assess if carrion consumption in vertebrate scavenger communities depends on: (a) the presence of key dominant traits (functional identity hypothesis), (b) functional diversity that promotes niche complementarity (functional diversity hypothesis) or (c) the accumulation of individuals and species, irrespective of their trait representation (functional equivalence). To explore these hypotheses, we used five study areas in Spain and South Africa, which represent a gradient of scavenger biodiversity, that is, ranging from communities dominated by facultative scavengers, such as generalists and meso‐predators, to those including vultures and large carnivores. Within study areas, traits that characterize obligate scavengers or large carnivores (e.g. mean home range, proportion of social foragers) were positively linked to rapid carrion consumption, while the biomass of functional groups including facultative scavengers were either weakly or negatively associated with carrion consumption. When combining all study areas, higher rates of carrion consumption were related to scavenger communities dominated by species with large home ranges (e.g. Gyps vultures), which was found to be a key trait. In contrast, metrics describing functional diversity (functional dispersion) and functional equivalence (species richness and abundance) had lower predictive power in explaining carrion consumption patterns. Our data support the functional identity hypothesis as a better framework for explaining carrion consumption rates than functional diversity or equivalence. Our findings contribute to understanding the mechanisms sustaining ecosystem functioning in vertebrate communities and reinforce the role of obligate scavengers and large carnivores as keystone species in terrestrial ecosystems. Abstract : A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article . Resumen: Las comunidades de carroñeros vertebrados terrestres, presentes en ecosistemas de todo el planeta, incluyen una gran variedad de especies con distintas estrategias ecológicas y biológicas que mantienen funciones esenciales en los ecosistemas, como el consumo de carroña. Hasta el momento, la mayoría de los estudios han analizado cómo la riqueza y la composición de especies influyen en el consumo de carroña, desconociéndose si las variaciones en dicho consumo se deben a la dominancia de ciertos rasgos biológicos o a la complementariedad de nichos y rasgos funcionales dentro de las comunidades de carroñeros vertebrados. En este estudio evaluamos tres hipótesis alternativas para explicar si los patrones de consumo de carroña en comunidades de carroñeros vertebrados dependen de: (a) la presencia de rasgos dominantes clave para esta función (hipótesis de la identidad funcional), (b) la diversidad funcional que promueve la complementariedad de nichos entre especies, (c) la acumulación de individuos y especies, independientemente de sus rasgos funcionales (equivalencia funcional). Para ello, usamos cinco áreas de estudio de España y Sudáfrica que representan un gradiente de biodiversidad de carroñeros, i.e. desde comunidades dominadas por carroñeros facultativos, como generalistas y depredadores de pequeño tamaño, a comunidades con buitres y grandes carnívoros. Dentro de cada área de estudio, nuestros resultados muestran que un mayor consumo de carroña está asociado a rasgos biológicos como áreas de campeo grandes y alta proporción de carroñeros sociales, características de carroñeros obligados (buitres) y grandes carnívoros. Por el contrario, la biomasa de los grupos funcionales que incluyen carroñeros facultativos se asocia de forma débil o incluso negativa con las tasas de consumo de carroña. Analizando todas las áreas de estudio conjuntamente, observamos que las comunidades de carroñeros con mayores tasas de consumo de carroña cuentan con especies con un rasgo funcional dominante: grandes áreas de campeo (e.g. buitres del género Gyps ). Por el contrario, las métricas de diversidad funcional (dispersión funcional) y equivalencia funcional (riqueza y abundancia de especies) tuvieron una capacidad menor para explicar el consumo de carroña. Nuestro estudio indica que la hipótesis de la identidad funcional explica mejor los cambios en las tasas de consumo de carroña por comunidades de vertebrados que la diversidad o la equivalencia funcional. Estos resultados contribuyen a entender mejor los mecanismos que sustentan la función ecológica de los vertebrados carroñeros, destacando de nuevo la relevancia de los carroñeros obligados y los grandes carnívoros. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Functional ecology. Volume 34:Number 9(2020)
- Journal:
- Functional ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 34:Number 9(2020)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 34, Issue 9 (2020)
- Year:
- 2020
- Volume:
- 34
- Issue:
- 9
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2020-0034-0009-0000
- Page Start:
- 1921
- Page End:
- 1932
- Publication Date:
- 2020-07-15
- Subjects:
- biodiversity–ecosystem functioning -- carrion consumption -- ecosystem services -- functional diversity -- functional identity -- functional traits -- large carnivores -- vultures
Ecology -- Periodicals
574.505 - Journal URLs:
- http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=fecoe5 ↗
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0269-8463&site=1 ↗
http://www.jstor.org/journals/02698463.html ↗
http://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2435/ ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
http://firstsearch.oclc.org ↗
http://firstsearch.oclc.org/journal=0269-8463;screen=info;ECOIP ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2435.13619 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0269-8463
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4055.616000
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