Angiotensin II and aldosterone in retinal vasculopathy and inflammation. (October 2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wilkinson-Berka, Jennifer L.; Suphapimol, Varaporn; Jerome, Jack R.; Deliyanti, Devy; Allingham, Michael J.
• Is Part Of: Experimental eye research. Volume 187(2019)
• Publication Date: 2019-10
• Subjects: Renin -- Angiotensin -- Aldosterone -- Retinopathy -- Angiogenesis -- Inflammation; ACE angiotensin converting enzyme -- ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition -- AGEs advanced glycation end-products -- AMD age-related macular degeneration -- Ang1-7 angiotensin 1-7 -- Ang II angiotensin II -- ARB angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade -- AT1R angiotensin type 1 receptor -- AT2R angiotensin type 2 receptor -- BRB blood-retinal barrier -- CNV choroidal neovascularization -- CSCR central serous chorioretinopathy -- DME diabetic macular edema -- DR diabetic retinopathy -- ENaC epithelial sodium channel -- HSD2 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 -- MasR Mas receptor -- MR mineralocorticoid receptor -- MRA mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist -- (P)RR (pro)renin receptor -- RAAS renin-angiotensin aldosterone system -- RAGE receptor for advanced glycation end-products -- ROP retinopathy of prematurity -- RPE retinal pigment epithelium -- RVO retinal vein occlusion -- VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor; Ophthalmology -- Periodicals; Eye -- Periodicals; Œil -- Périodiques; Ophthalmology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 612.8405
• DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107766
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0014-4835

Abstract

Abstract: Angiotensin II and aldosterone are the main effectors of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) and have a central role in hypertension as well as cardiovascular and renal disease. The localization of RAAS components within the retina has led to studies investigating the roles of angiotensin II, aldosterone and the counter regulatory arm of the pathway in vision-threatening retinopathies. This review will provide a brief overview of RAAS components as well as the vascular pathology that develops in the retinal diseases, retinopathy of prematurity, diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The review will discuss pre-clinical and clinical evidence that modulation of the RAAS alters the development of vasculopathy and inflammation in the aforementioned retinopathies, as well as the emerging role of aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor in central serous chorioretinopathy. Highlights: A local renin-angiotensin aldosterone system exists within the retina. Angiotensin II and aldosterone promote vascular pathology and inflammation in the retina. Blockade of renin, the AT1R and ACE reduce retinal vasculopathy and inflammation. Blockade of aldosterone/MRreduce retinal edema and vasculopathy.