Microstructural and corrosion characteristics of Quenched and Self-Tempered (QST) steel reinforcing bars. (20th January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Nair, Sooraj A.O.; Pillai, Radhakrishna G.
• Is Part Of: Construction & building materials. Volume 231(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-01-20
• Subjects: CE Counter Electrode -- Cl− Chloride -- Clth Chloride threshold -- CPP Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization -- CSPD Cross-sectional Phase Distribution -- FP Ferrite-Pearlite -- MSP Meta-Stable Pitting -- OCP Open Circuit Potential -- QST Quenched and Self-Tempered -- RE Reference Electrode -- Rebar Reinforcing bar -- SCE Standard Calomel Electrode -- SCPS Simulated Concrete Pore Solution -- SP Stable Pitting -- TM Tempered Martensite; QST -- TMT -- Martensite -- Ferrite -- Pearlite -- Cyclic voltammetry -- Polarization -- Pitting; Building materials -- Periodicals; 624.18
• DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117109
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0950-0618

Abstract

Highlights: Poor quality cross-sectional phase distribution in TMT/QST rebars identified and categorized. Reduction of chloride threshold in poor quality QST rebars. Sensitized the impact of inadequate Tempered Martensite phase on the durability of RC structures. Abstract: Quenched and Self-Tempered (QST) steel reinforcing bar (rebar, herein) is widely used in the reinforced concrete (RC) systems across the world. A typical QST steel rebar cross-section consists of a ductile 'ferrite-pearlite' (FP) core and a hard 'tempered-martensite' (TM) periphery. A good quality QST steel rebar is expected to have an FP core encircled by a uniformly thick, continuous, and concentric TM ring/phase. This study assessed the cross-sectional phase distribution (CSPD) of QST steel rebars produced in various countries using macroetching. These countries include Australia, Bahrain, Germany, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Russia, Singapore, Sri Lanka and Switzerland. Unfortunately, many rebars with 8, 12, and 16 mm diameter revealed inadequate CSPD with discontinuous and/or non-uniform TM phase. Also, the adverse effects of this inadequate CSPD on the corrosion resistance were evaluated using Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization (CPP) tests. For this, the FP and TM plate/coupon specimens (15 × 15 × 3 mm) were extracted from a QST steel rebar and metallographic type specimens were prepared. Then, the specimens were immersed in chloride (Cl − ) contaminated simulated concrete pore solution (denoted as SCPS). Then, the CPP tests were done after incremental addition of Cl − in SCPS to identify the Cl − threshold (Clth ) of TM and FP. The FP exhibited about 10–15% lesser Clth than TM. An analytical case study showed that the use of such QST steel rebars with inadequate CSPD can result in about 20% reduction in service life. Then, bend tests were conducted on 8 mm good quality and poor quality QST steel rebars used for stirrups. Poor quality rebars with inadequate CSPD showed visible surface-cracks in some products, which could lead to severe crevice corrosion, even without the presence of chlorides. Hence, better quality control in the quenching and self-tempering process is required to improve the corrosion resistance of QST steel rebars.