Fundamental Limitations of Huygens' Metasurfaces for Optical Beam Shaping. Issue 8 (12th June 2021) - Gigli, Carlo
Abstract: Optical dielectric metasurfaces composed of arrayed nanostructures are expected to enable arbitrary spatial control of incident wavefronts with subwavelength spatial resolution. For phase modulation, one often resorts to two physical effects to implement a 2π‐phase excursion. The first effect relies on guidance by tall nanoscale pillars and the second one exploits resonant confinement by nanoresonators with two degenerate Mie resonances. The first approach requires high aspect ratios, while the second one, known as Huygens' metasurfaces, is much flatter, and thus easier to manufacture. The two approaches are compared, more focusing on conceptual rather than technological issues, and fundamental limitations with the latter are identified. The origin of the limitations based on general arguments are explained, such as reciprocity, multimode/monomode operation, and symmetry breaking. Abstract : Optical dielectric metasurfaces composed of arrayed nanoresonators, often called Huygens' metasurfaces, offer excellent performance for periodic arrays. However, when a gradual variation of the resonator sizes is implemented, performance is quite degraded. There are profound reasons for this degradation. We clarify them based on general arguments, such as reciprocity, multimode‐versus‐monomode operation and symmetry breaking.