Identifying Feigned Cognitive Impairment: Investigating the Utility of Diffusion Model Analyses. (March 2022)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Omer, Elad; Elbaum, Tomer; Braw, Yoram
• Is Part Of: Assessment. Volume 29:Number 2(2022)
• Page Start: 198
• Page End: 208
• Publication Date: 2022-03
• Subjects: feigned cognitive impairment -- drift diffusion model -- response time -- forced-choice recognition memory -- performance validity test -- PVT -- Word Memory Test -- WMT; Psychological tests -- Periodicals; Psychodiagnostics -- Periodicals; Personality tests -- Periodicals; 150.287
• DOI: 10.1177/1073191120962317
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1073-1911

Abstract

Forced-choice performance validity tests are routinely used for the detection of feigned cognitive impairment. The drift diffusion model deconstructs performance into distinct cognitive processes using accuracy and response time measures. It thereby offers a unique approach for gaining insight into examinees' speed-accuracy trade-offs and the cognitive processes that underlie their performance. The current study is the first to perform such analyses using a well-established forced-choice performance validity test. To achieve this aim, archival data of healthy participants, either simulating cognitive impairment in the Word Memory Test or performing it to the best of their ability, were analyzed using the EZ-diffusion model ( N = 198). The groups differed in the three model parameters, with drift rate emerging as the best predictor of group membership. These findings provide initial evidence for the usefulness of the drift diffusion model in clarifying the cognitive processes underlying feigned cognitive impairment and encourage further research.