Formation of organic chloramines during chlorination of 18 compounds. (1st October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Guo, Yang; Yang, Qian; Xu, Jie; Bai, Xueling; Han, Qihuan; Nie, Jie; Zhang, Luo; Li, Hongtao; Gao, Haixiang; Zhou, WenFeng; Li, Jing
• Is Part Of: Water research. Volume 204(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-10-01
• Subjects: Chlorination -- Chlorodimethylamine -- Organic chloramines -- Disinfection byproducts; Water -- Pollution -- Research -- Periodicals; 363.7394
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117570
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0043-1354

Abstract

Highlights: Chloramines were detected during chlorination of 18 compounds with alkylamine group. The yields of chloramines are highly depended on the structure of precursors. The reactivity of (CH3 )2 NCl was similar to that of monochloramine. (CH3 )2 NCl at ppb level was observed in chlorinated natural water samples. Abstract: Organic chloramines have attracted considerable attention because of their potential toxicity and reactivity. However, the lack of suitable and effective analytical methods has limited the study of organic chloramines due to their volatile and unstable properties. In this study, membrane introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) combined with DPD/FAS titration was used to monitor the formation of organic chloramines. N-chlorodimethylamine [(CH3 )2 NCl] and N-chlorodiethylamine [(C2 H5 )2 NCl] were detected and identified as the dominant volatile DBPs during chlorination of 18 organic compounds with dimethylamine or diethylamine functional groups, with yields ranging from 0.3% to 51.1% at a chlorine to precursor (Cl/P) molar ratio of 8.0. (CH3 )2 NBr was formed in the presence of bromide, while the formation of (CH3 )2 NCl was decreased. The reaction of phenol with (CH3 )2 NCl combined with theoretical calculations confirmed that the reactivity of (CH3 )2 NCl was similar to that of monochloramine. Moreover, (CH3 )2 NCl and (C2 H5 )2 NCl were observed at the ppb level during chlorination of actual water samples collected from different areas. The results suggest that (CH3 )2 NCl and (C2 H5 )2 NCl are important organic chloramines during chlorination, which may lead to the occurrence of further oxidation reactions and promote the formation of other disinfection byproducts simultaneously and should be of concern. Graphical abstract: Image, graphical abstract