The rich pharmacological activities of Magnolia officinalis and secondary effects based on significant intestinal contributions. (5th December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Niu, Lin; Hou, Yuanyuan; Jiang, Min; Bai, Gang
• Is Part Of: Journal of ethnopharmacology. Volume 281(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-12-05
• Subjects: Magnolia officinalis Cortex -- Pharmacological activity -- Magnolol -- Metabolism -- Gastrointestinal tract; M. officinalis Magnolia officinalis Cortex -- GI gastrointestinal -- COVID coronavirus disease -- CCh carbacholine -- 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine -- ACh acetylcholine -- MLC myosin light chain -- VGCCs voltage gated calcium channels -- ROCCs receptor operated calcium channels -- IP3 inositol trisphosphate -- IP3R inositol trisphosphate receptor -- RYR ryanodine receptor -- ICC interstitial cells of cajal -- M2R M2 muscarinic receptor -- M3R M3 muscarinic receptor -- GPCR G protein-coupled receptor -- PKC protein kinase C -- M receptor muscarinic receptor -- LPS Lipopolysaccharide -- NO nitric oxide -- GAS gastrin -- CCK cholecystokinin -- MTL motilin -- SP substance p -- CGRP calcitonin gene-related peptide -- VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide -- HP Helicobacter pylori -- TNBS 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid -- FD functional dyspepsia -- IBS irritable bowel syndrome -- GM gut microbiota -- SCFAs short-chain fatty acids -- AhR aryl hydrocarbon receptor -- UC ulcerative colitis -- DSS dextran sulfate sodium -- ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1 -- TNF-ɑ tumor necrosis factor-ɑ -- NF-κB nuclear factor-κB -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase -- IL interleukin -- TLR Toll-like receptor -- iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase -- GABA γ-aminobutyric acid -- PF fibrosis pulmonary fibrosis -- SOD superoxide dismutase -- MPO myeloperoxidase -- BLM bleomycin -- EMT mesenchymal transition -- FST forced swimming test -- TST tail suspension test -- CMS chronic mild stress -- AD Alzheimer's disease -- HMM the mixture of magnolol and honokiol -- 5-HIAA 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid -- HPA hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis -- cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate -- NE norepinephrine -- Bax Bcl-2-associated X -- Kyn kynurenine -- PPAR peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor -- HFD high-fat diet -- NRF nuclear factor erythroid -- PKB (AKT) protein kinase B -- eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase -- VCAM-1 Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 -- MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 -- VSMCs vascular smooth muscle cells -- PDGF platelet-derived growth factor -- bFGF fibroblast growth factor -- ox-LDL oxidized low-density lipoprotein -- EDRF endothelium-derived relaxation factor -- GBC growth of gallbladder carcinoma -- OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma -- PM magnolol and polyphenol mixture -- MMP metalloproteinase -- DHA docosahexaenoic acid -- AAPH 2, 2′-azobis-(2-amidinopropane dihydrochloride -- HFFD high-fat and high-fructose diet -- WAT white adipose tissue -- NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease -- LPL lipoprotein lipase -- Glut glucose transporter -- ADRP adipose differentiation-related protein -- PTP protein tyrosine phosphatase -- DRG dorsal root ganglion -- CB cannabinoid -- TRP transient receptor potential -- UGT UDP-glucuronosyltransferase -- RXR receptors retinoic X receptor -- EC enzymesenterochromaffin -- GLP-1 glucagon-like peptide -- HGF hepatocyte growth factor; Ethnopharmacology -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Herbs -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Pharmacognosie -- Périodiques; Herbes -- Périodiques; 615.1
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114524
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0378-8741

Abstract

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Magnolia officinalis Cortex ( M. officinalis ) is a traditional herbal drug widely used in Asian countries. Depending on its multiple biological activities, M. officinalis is used to regulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, relieve cough and asthma, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and treat depression and anxiety. Aim of the review: We aimed to review the abundant form of pharmacodynamics activity and potential mechanisms of action of M. officinalis and the characteristics of the internal processes of the main components. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions of M. officinalis based on GI tract was provided, and it was used to reveal the interconnections between traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Materials and methods: Published literatures about M. officinalis and its main components were collected from several scientific databases, including PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Web of Science etc. Results: M. officinalis was shown multiple effects including effects on digestive system, respiratory system, central system, which is consistent with traditional applications, as well as some other activities such as cardiovascular system, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and so on. The mechanisms of these activities are abundant. Its chief ingredients such as magnolol and honokiol can be metabolized into active metabolites in vivo, which can increase water solubility and bioavailability and exert pharmacological activity in the whole body. In the GI tract, M. officinalis and its main ingredient can regulate GI hormones and substance metabolism, protect the intestinal barrier and affect the gut microbiota (GM). These actions are effective to improve local discomfort and some distal symptoms such as depression, asthma, or metabolic disorders. Conclusions: Although M. officinalis has rich pharmacological effects, the GI tract makes great contributions to it. The GI tract is not only an important place for absorption and metabolism but also a key site to help M. officinalis exert local and distal efficacy. Pharmacodynamical studies on the efficacies of distal tissues based on the contributions of the GI tract hold great potential for understanding the benefits of M. officinalis and providing new ideas for the treatment of important diseases. Graphical abstract: Magnolia officinalis Cortex has plenty of pharmacological activities and gastrointestinal (GI) tract contributes a lot to it. In addition to rich gastrointestinal activity, Magnolia officinalis can also exert multisystem efficacy through GI absorption and transport or secondary effects based on intestinal effects. Image 1 Highlights: Highlight: The pharmacological activities of M. officinalis were reviewed systematically and their main mechanisms were summarized. Metabolism and pharmacokinetic features of the principal components were summarized. The potential mechanisms of local and distance actions based on gastrointestinal tract were highlighted.