Frozen in (e)motion: How reactive motor inhibition is influenced by the emotional content of stimuli in healthy and psychiatric populations. (November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Battaglia, Simone; Serio, Gianluigi; Scarpazza, Cristina; D'Ausilio, Alessandro; Borgomaneri, Sara
• Is Part Of: Behaviour research and therapy. Volume 146(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-11
• Subjects: Action inhibition -- Stop signal task -- Emotional stimuli -- Psychiatric disorders; Cognitive therapy -- Periodicals; Psychotherapy -- Periodicals; 616.891
• DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2021.103963
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0005-7967

Abstract

Abstract: Efficient inhibitory control is vital. However, environmental cues can influence motor control especially in an emotional context. One common task to measure inhibitory control is the stop-signal task (SST), which asks participants to respond to go stimuli knowing that on some trials a stop signal will be presented, requiring them to inhibit their response. This paradigm estimates the ability to inhibit already-initiated responses by calculating participants' stop-signal reaction times (SSRT), an index of inhibitory control. Here, we aim to review the existing, often contradictory, evidence on the influence of emotional stimuli on the inhibitory process. We aim to discuss which factors may reveal an interference as well as an advantage of emotional stimuli on action inhibition performance. Finally, we review the existing evidence that has investigated the effect of such stimuli on action inhibition in the psychiatric population. Important factors are the relevance, the intensity and the valence of the emotional stimulus, as well as the affected component of the motor control. From all this evidence, it is clear that understand precisely how emotion is integrated into core executive functions, such as inhibitory control, is essential not only for cognitive neuroscience, but also for refining neurocognitive models of psychopathology. Highlights: Emotional stimuli facilitate and disrupt action control. Emotional stimuli influence action control in healthy and psychiatric populations. Inhibition performance as a transdiagnostic signature of psychiatric illness. Inhibition performance as a biomarker for early diagnoses and prognostic profiles.