Cyber-physical co-modeling and optimal energy dispatching within internet of smart charging points for vehicle-to-grid operation. (1st December 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Shang, Yitong; Yu, Hang; Niu, Songyan; Shao, Ziyun; Jian, Linni
• Is Part Of: Applied energy. Volume 303(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-12-01
• Subjects: Cyber-physical co-modeling -- Internet of smart charging points -- Optimal energy dispatching -- Parallel computing -- Small-world network -- Network simulation; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy conservation -- Periodicals; Energy conversion -- Periodicals; 621.042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117595
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-2619

Abstract

Highlights: A cyber-physical co-modeling is developed to fulfill the essential insights of ISCP. A hierarchical distributed V2G coordination apt to parallel computing is proposed. The cyber topology for ISCP is fully discussed in terms of communication efficiency. Abstract: Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology plays an important part in achieving carbon neutrality. Hence, reducing the execution time under the real-time application becomes an urgent issue. In this paper, we develop a cyber-physical co-modeling to fulfill the fundamental insights into the internet of smart charging points (ISCP), wherein the local controllers are designed near the plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), and are coordinated with each other. In perspective of energy dispatching, a hierarchical V2G scheduling is implemented in a distributed way to decompose the optimization problem into several sub-problems. Besides, the parallel computing is applied in the V2G problem to accelerate the speed of obtaining results. Moreover, the voltage regulation is applied near the energy coordinator with high-performance computer rather than by the local controller. In perspective of network communication, the small-world network is applied to ensure the communication efficiency and decrease the wiring costs. Besides, the privacy-preserving of both the energy coordinator and the PEV users is guaranteed by processing and storing the sensitive information of the two participants nearby. Finally, the cyber-physical co-modeling is performed in Matlab and Network Simulator 2. Results show load flatting, self-consumption of photovoltaic output, voltage regulation, and up/down regulation are achieved. Moreover, the delay of small-world network is 90.94 times faster than that of lattice network, and the cost of small-world network is nearly 500 times less than that of full mesh network. Particularly, the execution time for V2G operation at one-time interval is less than 1 s.