Diesel exposure increases susceptibility of primary human nasal epithelial cells to rhinovirus infection. Issue 18 (20th September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Müller, Loretta; Usemann, Jakob; Alves, Marco P.; Latzin, Philipp
• Is Part Of: Physiological reports. Volume 9:Issue 18(2021)
• Page Start: n/a
• Page End: n/a
• Publication Date: 2021-09-20
• Subjects: adults -- air pollution -- air–liquid‐interface cell culture -- children -- respiratory infection; Physiology -- Periodicals; 571
• DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14994
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2051-817X

Abstract

Abstract: Nasal epithelial cells (NECs) are among the first cells to be exposed to air pollutants and respiratory viruses. Although it is known that air pollution exposure and rhinovirus infections increase the risk for asthma development independently, it is unclear how these risk factors interact on a cellular level. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how exposure to diesel particulate matter (DPM) modifies the response of primary NECs to rhinovirus (RV) infection in vitro. Exposure of re‐differentiated, primary NECs (49 healthy children [0–7 years], 12 adults) to DPM modified the mRNA expression of viral cell‐surface receptors, pattern recognition receptors, and pro‐inflammatory response (also protein levels). After exposure to DPM, we additionally infected the NECs with RV‐1b and RV‐16. Viral loads (assessed by titration assays) were significantly higher in DPM‐exposed compared with non‐exposed NECs. Exposure to DPM prior to RV infection resulted in a significant upregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (mRNA and protein level) and β‐defensins mRNA, and significant downregulation of pattern recognition receptors mRNA and CXCL10 (mRNA and protein levels). There was no difference between all outcomes of NECs from children and adults. We can conclude that exposure to DPM prior to RV infection increases viral loads by downregulation of viral defense receptors and upregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Our findings indicate a strong interaction between air pollution and the antiviral response to RV infection in NECs. We provide mechanistic evidence that exposure to air pollution increases susceptibility to RV infection. Abstract : Exposure to diesel exhaust particles change the levels of immune factors and increase the susceptibility of respiratory epithelial cells to rhinovirus infections.