Cancer mortality 1981–2016 and contribution of specific cancers to current socioeconomic inequalities in all cancer mortality: A population-based study. (October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Brown, Denise; Conway, David I.; McMahon, Alex D.; Dundas, Ruth; Leyland, Alastair H.
• Is Part Of: Cancer epidemiology. Volume 74(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-10
• Subjects: ECIS European Cancer Information System -- IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer -- ICD International Classification of Diseases -- NHS National Health Service -- NMSC non-melanoma skin cancer -- PHS Public Health Scotland -- RII relative index of inequality -- SII slope index of inequality -- WHO World Health Organization; Neoplasms -- Mortality -- Socioeconomic factors -- Scotland; Cancer -- Epidemiology -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Prevention -- Periodicals; Cancer -- Diagnosis -- Periodicals; Carcinogenesis -- Periodicals; 616.994005
• DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1877-7821

Abstract

Highlights: Cancer mortality rates have declined but inequalities in rates have widened. Relative inequalities are dominated by inequalities in lung cancer mortality. There is also a contribution from liver and head and neck cancers (men). And from breast cancer (women), stomach and cervical cancer (younger women). Understanding these patterns is important in reducing preventable cancer deaths. Abstract: Background: In many high-income countries cancer mortality rates have declined, however, socioeconomic inequalities in cancer mortality have widened over time with those in the most deprived areas bearing the greatest burden. Less is known about the contribution of specific cancers to inequalities in total cancer mortality. Methods: Using high-quality routinely collected population and mortality records we examine long-term trends in cancer mortality rates in Scotland by age group, sex, and area deprivation. We use the decomposed slope and relative indices of inequality to identify the specific cancers that contribute most to absolute and relative inequalities, respectively, in total cancer mortality. Results: Cancer mortality rates fell by 24 % for males and 10 % for females over the last 35 years; declining across all age groups except females aged 75+ where rates rose by 14 %. Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer death. Mortality rates of lung cancer have more than halved for males since 1981, while rates among females have almost doubled over the same period. Conclusion: Current relative inequalities in total cancer mortality are dominated by inequalities in lung cancer mortality, but with contributions from other cancer sites including liver, and head and neck (males); and breast (females), stomach and cervical (younger females). An understanding of which cancer sites contribute most to inequalities in total cancer mortality is crucial for improving cancer health and care, and for reducing preventable cancer deaths.