Pharmacological properties of glabridin (a flavonoid extracted from licorice): A comprehensive review. (October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Li, Chun-xiao; Li, Tian-hao; Zhu, Mei; Lai, Jiang; Wu, Zhi-peng
• Is Part Of: Journal of functional foods. Volume 85(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-10
• Subjects: Glabridin -- Pharmacology -- Pharmacokinetics -- Licorice; NF-κB nuclear factor κ-B -- MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinas -- IL-1β interleukin 1β -- IL-6 interleukin 6 -- IL-8 interleukin 8 -- IL-17A interleukin 17A, IL-22, interleukin 22 -- IL-23 interleukin 23 -- TNF-α tumor necrosis factor -- AP-1 activator protein-1 -- LPS lipopolysaccharide -- iNOS inducible -- MCP-1 monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 -- PGE2 prostaglandin E 2 -- IFN-α interferon-α -- DSS dextran sulphate sodium -- cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate -- ERK extracellular regulated protein kinases -- STZ streptozotocin -- MCAO middle cerebral artery occlusion -- SOD superoxide dismutases -- Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma-2 -- Bax Bcl-2-associated X -- GABA γ-aminobutyrate -- cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate -- CREB cAMP-response element binding protein -- TRPV-1 transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 -- AKT serine/threonine kinase -- JNK Jun N-terminal Kinase -- SRC-1 steroid receptor co-activator 1 -- PARP poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase -- Src sarcoma gene -- MMP-9 matrix metallopeptidase 9 -- CDK cyclin-dependent protein kinases -- BRAF B-type Raf kinase -- GLFO glabridin-rich licorice flavonoid oil -- HFD high fat diet -- PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 -- C/EBPα CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α -- GLUT4 glucose transporter 4 -- LDL low-density lipoprotein -- BMI body mass index -- HDL high-density lipoprotein -- AGEs advanced glycation end products -- PTP1B protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B -- AMPK adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase -- mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin -- TC total cholesterol -- MRSA methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus -- Fnb fibronectin binding proteins -- SdrD serineaspartate repeat-containing protein D -- Sbi immunoglobulin-binding protein G -- MIC minimum inhibitory concentration -- RANKL receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand -- PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase -- CAII carbonic anhydrases II -- TCIRG1 T-cell immunoregulatory factor 1 -- Ostm1 osteopetrosis-associated transmembrane protein 1 -- CLCN7 chloride channel 7 -- ALP alkaline phosphatase -- BMP bone morphogenetic protein -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- UGT UDP-glucuronosyltransferase -- CXCL5 CXC chemokine ligand 5 -- BK voltage-dependent potassium -- FBG fasting blood glucose -- DPPH 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl -- FRAP ferric reducing ability of plasma -- HCV hepatitis C virus -- STAT-3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; Functional foods -- Analysis -- Periodicals; Food -- Biotechnology -- Periodicals; Nutrition -- Periodicals; 613.2
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104638
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1756-4646

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Glabridin has a wide range of pharmacological effects. There is a disagreement on whether glabridin has estrogenic effects. Glabridin can be used to improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of other medicines. It is necessary to carry out more clinical studies to confirm the pharmacological effects. Abstract: Licorice, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, contains many bioactive components. Glabridin is a major flavonoid extracted from the root of licorice and has a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, regulating blood lipids and blood glucose levels, neuroprotection, anti-osteoporosis, and phytoestrogen effects. At present, these studies are mostly based on cell and animal experiments. It is necessary to carry out more clinical studies in the future. In addition, there is a disagreement on whether glabridin has estrogenic effects. Also, it is generally believed that glabridin regulates blood lipids and blood glucose metabolism by activating the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. However, research has shown that glabridin-based licorice extract can inhibit the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. Pharmacokinetic research shows that glabridin is easily absorbed by the human body, and the inhibitory effects of glabridin on some metabolic enzymes can improve the pharmacokinetic characteristics of other medicines.