Amino acid transporters as emerging therapeutic targets in cancer. Issue 8 (28th June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Saito, Yasuhiro; Soga, Tomoyoshi
• Is Part Of: Cancer science. Volume 112:Issue 8(2021)
• Page Start: 2958
• Page End: 2965
• Publication Date: 2021-06-28
• Subjects: amino acid transporter -- breast cancer -- cell proliferation -- cystine uptake -- leucine uptake; Cancer -- Periodicals; Neoplasms -- Periodicals; Research -- Periodicals; Electronic journals; 616.994005
• DOI: 10.1111/cas.15006
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1347-9032

Abstract

Abstract: Amino acids are indispensable nutrients for both normal and cancer cells. Cancer cells are unable to synthesize essential amino acids as well as some non‐essential amino acids adequately to support rapid proliferation, and must take up amino acids from the surroundings. To meet the increased demand for the amino acid needed for proliferation, high levels of amino acid transporters are expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Cancer cells utilize amino acids to synthesize proteins and nucleotides, as well as to obtain energy. In addition, amino acids are known to play pathological roles in cancer cells. Interestingly, breast cancer cells limit the use of amino acids for cell proliferation based on amino acid availability, which depends on estrogen receptor status. Here, we present a summarized literature review of novel amino acid functions in cancer cells. This review organizes the available knowledge on 2 amino acid transporters, SLC7A5 and SLC7A11, which are considered essential for breast cancer cell growth in a cell‐dependent manner. In particular, we propose the glutamine recycling model to clarify the mechanism underlying aberrant SLC7A5 activation. Finally, we overview the pathological significances of SLC7A5 and SLC7A11 in cancer tissues. Abstract : Amino acids are indispensable nutrients for cancer cells. Cancer cells are unable to synthesize essential amino acids as well as some non‐essential amino acids adequately to support rapid proliferation, and must uptake amino acids from the surroundings. In order to meet the increased demand for amino acids needed for proliferation, high levels of amino acid transporters are expressed on the surface of cancer cells. This review organizes the knowledge available on two amino acid transporters, SLC7A5 and SLC7A11, which are considered essential for breast cancer cell growth in a cell‐dependent manner.