Multiple environmental exposures along daily mobility paths and depressive symptoms: A smartphone-based tracking study. (November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Roberts, Hannah; Helbich, Marco
• Is Part Of: Environment international. Volume 156(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-11
• Subjects: Depression -- Environmental exposures -- Mental health -- Mobility -- Global positioning systems; Environmental protection -- Periodicals; Environmental health -- Periodicals; Environmental monitoring -- Periodicals; Environmental Monitoring -- Periodicals; Environnement -- Protection -- Périodiques; Hygiène du milieu -- Périodiques; Environnement -- Surveillance -- Périodiques; Environmental health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental protection; Periodicals; 333.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106635
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0160-4120

Abstract

Highlights: Participants were tracked via global positioning systems for 7 days using a smartphone app. Environmental exposures were calculated around the home and along the daily mobility path. Green space at home and along daily mobility path (≤50 m) was associated with reduced depressive symptoms. Residential- and mobility-based exposure to blue space, noise and PM2.5 were significantly different. Strength of associations with depressive symptoms were not significantly different between measurement types. Abstract: Few studies go beyond the residential environment in assessments of the environment-mental health association, despite multiple environments being encountered in daily life. This study investigated 1) the associations between multiple environmental exposures and depressive symptoms, both in the residential environment and along the daily mobility path, 2) examined differences in the strength of associations between residential- and mobility-based models, and 3) explored sex as a moderator. Depressive symptoms of 393 randomly sampled adults aged 18–65 were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Respondents were tracked via global positioning systems- (GPS) enabled smartphones for up to 7 days. Exposure to green space (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)), blue space, noise (Lden) and air pollution (particulate matter (PM2.5 )) within 50 m and 100 m of each residential address and GPS point was computed. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted separately for the residential- and mobility-based exposures. Wald tests were used to assess if the coefficients differed across models. Interaction terms were entered in fully adjusted models to determine if associations varied by sex. A significant negative relationship between green space and depressive symptoms was found in the fully adjusted residential- and mobility-based models using the 50 m buffer. No significant differences were observed in coefficients across models. None of the interaction terms were significant. Our results suggest that exposure to green space in the immediate environment, both at home and along the daily mobility path, is associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms. Further research is required to establish the utility of dynamic approaches to exposure assessment in studies on the environment and mental health.