Effect of new Medicare enrollment on health, healthcare utilization, and cost: A scoping review. Issue 8 (15th March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Yeung, Kai; Dorsey, Caitlin N.; Mettert, Kayne
• Is Part Of: Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. Volume 69:Issue 8(2021)
• Page Start: 2335
• Page End: 2343
• Publication Date: 2021-03-15
• Subjects: Medicare -- insurance change -- patient reported outcomes -- healthcare utilization -- healthcare costs; Geriatrics -- Periodicals; 618.97
• DOI: 10.1111/jgs.17113
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0002-8614

Abstract

Abstract: Background: More than three million Americans turn 65 each year and newly enroll in Medicare, making this one of the most common insurance transitions. Non‐Medicare insurance transitions are associated with changes in health, healthcare utilization and costs. In addition, older Americans have higher morbidity, mortality, healthcare utilization, and healthcare costs than the general population. However, the effect of new Medicare enrollment on these outcomes is unclear. Design: We conducted a scoping review to rigorously identify the scope of evidence on the association between new Medicare enrollment and health, healthcare utilization and costs. Setting: We included English‐language, peer‐reviewed, studies cataloged in Medline (PubMed) and EconLit from 1998 to 2018. Participants: Individuals newly enrolling in Medicare. Measurements: We measured health (e.g., self‐reported health), healthcare utilization (e.g., provider visits, preventive care, and hospitalizations) and costs (e.g., patient out‐of‐pocket and health plan spending). Results: We screened 5265 articles and included 20 articles. New Medicare enrollment was found to increase self‐reported health and healthcare utilization overall, as well as reduce disparities across racial and socioeconomic strata. Provider visits, preventive care and hospitalizations all increased. However, patient out‐of‐pocket spending decreased, and health plan spending also decreased, when Medicare's lower prices were accounted for. Few studies compared outcomes among new Medicare Advantage enrollees with new Medicare fee‐for‐service enrollees. None of the studies specifically evaluated the effect of new Medicare enrollment on adults with multiple chronic conditions. Conclusion: New Medicare enrollment improves access overall and reduces access disparities. However, the impact of new Medicare enrollment among subgroups defined by insurance coverage type and number of chronic conditions is less clear. Future work should also evaluate the mechanism for increases in hospitalizations.