Extracellular vesicle therapeutics from plasma and adipose tissue. (August 2021) - Iannotta, Dalila
Highlights: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have immunomodulatory and tissue repair properties Scale-up issues limit the therapeutic potential of cell culture-derived EVs Plasma and adipose tissue EVs provide a cost and time-efficient alternative Therapeutic effects are seen in cardiovascular, skeletal, and metabolic diseases Graphical Abstract: ga1 Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-released lipid-bilayer nanoparticles that contain biologically active cargo involved in physiological and pathological intercellular communication. In recent years, the therapeutic potential of EVs has been explored in various disease models. In particular, mesenchymal stromal cell-derived EVs have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic properties in cardiovascular, metabolic and orthopedic conditions. However, a major drawback of EV-based therapeutics is scale-up issues due to extensive cell culture requirements and inefficient isolation protocols. An emerging alternative approach to time-consuming and costly cell culture expansion is to obtain therapeutic EVs directly from the body, for example, from plasma and adipose tissue. This review discusses isolation methods and therapeutic applications of plasma and adipose tissue-derived EVs, highlighting advantages and disadvantages compared to cell culture-derived ones.