Plant–animal interactions between carnivorous plants, sheet‐web spiders, and ground‐running spiders as guild predators in a wet meadow community. Issue 11 (30th March 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Krupa, James J.; Hopper, Kevin R.; Gruber, Samuel B.; Schmidt, Jason M.; Harwood, James D.
• Is Part Of: Ecology and evolution. Volume 10:Issue 11(2020)
• Page Start: 4762
• Page End: 4772
• Publication Date: 2020-03-30
• Subjects: amensalism -- asymmetrical competition -- carnivorous plants -- dwarf sundews -- exploitative competition -- ground‐running spiders -- interkingdom competition -- plant–animal interactions -- sheet‐web spiders; Ecology -- Periodicals; Evolution -- Periodicals; 577.05
• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6230
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2045-7758

Abstract

Abstract: Plant–animal interactions are diverse and widespread shaping ecology, evolution, and biodiversity of most ecological communities. Carnivorous plants are unusual in that they can be simultaneously engaged with animals in multiple mutualistic and antagonistic interactions including reversed plant–animal interactions where they are the predator. Competition with animals is a potential antagonistic plant–animal interaction unique to carnivorous plants when they and animal predators consume the same prey. The goal of this field study was to test the hypothesis that under natural conditions, sundews and spiders are predators consuming the same prey thus creating an environment where interkingdom competition can occur. Over 12 months, we collected data on 15 dates in the only protected Highland Rim Wet Meadow Ecosystem in Kentucky where sundews, sheet‐web spiders, and ground‐running spiders co‐exist. One each sampling day, we attempted to locate fifteen sites with: (a) both sheet‐web spiders and sundews; (b) sundews only; and (c) where neither occurred. Sticky traps were set at each of these sites to determine prey (springtails) activity–density. Ground‐running spiders were collected on sampling days. DNA extraction was performed on all spiders to determine which individuals had eaten springtails and comparing this to the density of sundews where the spiders were captured. Sundews and spiders consumed springtails. Springtail activity–densities were lower, the higher the density of sundews. Both sheet‐web and ground‐running spiders were found less often where sundew densities were high. Sheet‐web size was smaller where sundew densities were high. The results of this study suggest that asymmetrical exploitative competition occurs between sundews and spiders. Sundews appear to have a greater negative impact on spiders, where spiders probably have little impact on sundews. In this example of interkingdom competition where the asymmetry should be most extreme, amensalism where one competitor experiences no cost of interaction may be occurring. Abstract : This field study examined the plant–animal interactions between a carnivorous plant (dwarf sundew) and both sheet‐web spiders and ground‐running spiders. Both the plants and the spiders function as predators of the same springtail prey. Thus, the potential for competition exists. The results of this study suggest that interkingdom, exploitative competition is occurring. Furthermore, this is asymmetrical competition where the sundews experience little negative impact to the extent of this being an example of amensalism.