Biomarkers for interstitial lung disease and acute-onset diffuse interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis. (June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Furukawa, Hiroshi; Oka, Shomi; Higuchi, Takashi; Shimada, Kota; Hashimoto, Atsushi; Matsui, Toshihiro; Tohma, Shigeto
• Is Part Of: Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease. Volume 13(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-06
• Subjects: biomarker -- rheumatoid arthritis -- interstitial lung disease -- acute-onset diffuse -- interstitial lung disease; Musculoskeletal system -- Diseases -- Periodicals; Musculoskeletal Diseases -- Periodicals; 616.7
• DOI: 10.1177/1759720X211022506
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1759-720X

Abstract

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is frequently a complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as an extra-articular manifestation which has a poor prognosis. Acute-onset diffuse ILD (AoDILD) occasionally occurs in RA and includes acute exacerbation of ILD, drug-induced ILD, and Pneumocystis pneumonia. AoDILD also confers a poor prognosis in RA. Previously-established biomarkers for ILD include Krebs von den lungen-6 and surfactant protein-D originally defined in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; the sensitivity of these markers for RA-associated ILD (RA-ILD) is low. Although many studies on ILD markers have been performed in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, only a few validation studies in RA-ILD or AoDILD have been reported. Biomarkers for RA-ILD and AoDILD are thus still required. Recently, genomic, cytokine, antibody, and metabolomic profiles of RA-ILD or AoDILD have been investigated with the aim of improving biomarkers. In this review, we summarize current preliminary data on these potential biomarkers for RA-ILD or AoDILD. The development of biomarkers on RA-ILD has only just begun. When validated, such candidate biomarkers will provide valuable information on pathogenesis, prognosis, and drug responses in RA-ILD in future.