The Activate Test of Embodied Cognition (ATEC): Reliability, concurrent validity and discriminant validity in a community sample of children using cognitively demanding physical tasks related to executive functioning. Issue 7 (3rd October 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Bell, Morris D.; Weinstein, Andrea J.; Pittman, Brian; Gorman, Richard M.; Abujelala, Maher
• Is Part Of: Child neuropsychology. Volume 27:Issue 7(2021)
• Page Start: 973
• Page End: 983
• Publication Date: 2021-10-03
• Subjects: Embodied cognition -- executive functioning -- self-regulation -- ADHD -- childhood competency; Pediatric neuropsychology -- Periodicals; Adolescent psychology -- Periodicals; Child development deviations -- Periodicals; Child psychology -- Periodicals; 618.92805
• DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2021.1923686
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0929-7049

Abstract

ABSTRACT: Embodied cognition assessment may be more closely related to how children function than standard measures of executive functioning (EF) that require little body movement. Activate Test of Embodied Cognition (ATEC) measures cognitive functioning based on cognitively demanding physical tasks assessed using an automated administration with motion capture technology. This study evaluated the psychometrics of ATEC. Children ages 5–11 years were recruited from the community (N = 55). ATEC was performed twice for a subsample, approximately 2 weeks apart. Motion capture data were collected and converted into ATEC Total Score. Concurrent measures included scores from NIH Toolbox for EF (Flanker, Working Memory, Go/No-Go task, Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)), and parent reports (Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-2) and Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) for ADHD). ATEC Total Score was significantly correlated with concurrent measures of EF and showed significant discriminant validity between At-Risk children and Normal Range children on CBCL Competency, CBCL ADHD Combined score, BRIEF-2 Global Executive Composite, BRIEF-2 Cognitive Regulation Index and SNAP-IV ADHD Combined Score. Regression analyses showed that ATEC Total score was a better predictor of CBCL Competency than any of the standard EF assessments. ATEC Total Score had excellent test–retest reliability, (ICC = .945, df = 27, p < .001) with a small practice effect (Cohen's d = 0.33). ATEC Total Score correlated with age (r = .42, p < .003) suggesting improvement with normal development. ATEC produces reliable scores that may identify children at risk for EF impairments.