Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia. (1st January 2017)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Mah, Siau Hui; Teh, Soek Sin; Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian
• Is Part Of: Pharmaceutical biology. Volume 55:Number 1(2017)
• Page Start: 920
• Page End: 928
• Publication Date: 2017-01-01
• Subjects: Acetylcholinesterase -- arrowleaf sida -- brine shrimp -- MTT -- nitric oxide -- protein denaturation; Pharmacognosy -- Periodicals; Materia medica, Vegetable -- Periodicals; 615.321
• DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1388-0209

Abstract

Abstract: Context: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation. Objectives: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time. Materials and methods: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n -hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC50 values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n- hexane extract. Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC50 of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n -hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n -hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol. Conclusions: The present study revealed that the n -hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended.