Bioformulation development via valorizing silica-rich spent mushroom substrate with Trichoderma asperellum for plant nutrient and disease management. (1st November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Singh, Garima; Tiwari, Abhay; Gupta, Akansha; Kumar, Ashwani; Hariprasad, P.; Sharma, Satyawati
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental management. Volume 297(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-11-01
• Subjects: Spent mushroom substrate -- Wilt control -- Antioxidant activity -- Trichoderma asperellum -- Waste management -- Solanum lycopersicum; P. ostreatus Pleurotus ostreatus -- F. oxysporum Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici -- T. asperellum Trichoderma asperellum -- BCA Biocontrol agent -- Si Silica -- SMS Spent Mushroom Substrate -- PS Paddy straw -- SC Soybean Cake -- TA Trichoderma asperellum -- PM Press mud -- TP Talcum Powder -- CMC Carboxymethyl Cellulose -- GP Germination percentage -- TSS Total Soluble Sugars -- TSP Total Soluble Protein -- TPC Total Phenolic content -- GAE Gallic acid equivalent -- EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid -- DPPH 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl -- FRAP Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power -- GC-MS Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry -- FE-SEM Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy -- EDS Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy -- TPTZ 2, 4, 6-tripyridyl-2-triazine -- BSA Bovine Serum Albumin -- ROS Reactive oxygen species -- fw Fresh weight -- SAR Systemic Acquired Resistance -- ISR Induced Systemic Response -- PR Pathogenesis Related -- IPM Integrated Pest Management -- EU European Union -- OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development; Environmental policy -- Periodicals; Environmental management -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Ecology -- Periodicals; 363.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113278
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-4797

Abstract

Abstract: The present investigation was performed to valorize paddy straw (PS) based silica (Si) rich Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) of Pleurotus ostreatus for Plant Nutrient and Disease Management in wilt (caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici ) susceptible tomato plant F1 Hybrid King 180. Raw PS and SMS generated by P. ostreatus cultivated on PS only, and PS amended with 5% soybean cake (SC) were bio-fortified with Trichoderma asperellum (TA). SMS (PS+ 5% SC) was found supporting the growth of T. asperellum to an extent of 12.37 × 10 13 conidia/g substrate. GC-MS analysis of SMS detected several bioactive metabolites like Palmitic acid, Oleic acid, Methyl linoleate, Stigmasterol, etc., known for plant health management. Bioformulations were developed employing Press Mud (PM) and Talcum Powder (TP) as carrier materials. Among the different bioformulations tested in pots study; SMS (PS+ 5% SC) SiTAPM, collectively named as TF-I, provided improved levels of morpho-biochemical and nutritional parameters, i.e., Plant Biomass (2.27 folds), Root Volume (1.75 folds), Chlorophyll (2.66 folds), Carotenoids (2.42 folds), Number of Fruits (1.76 folds), Fruit Biomass (2.02 folds), Total Soluble Sugars (2.32 folds), Total Soluble Proteins (1.70 folds), and nutraceutical parameters as Lycopene (1.42 folds), β-carotene (2.65 folds) and Ascorbic Acid (1.54 folds), along with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in the Disease Severity Index (84.34%–21.23%), over the pathogen affected plant taken as control. The fruits and leaves garnered under TF-I displayed Total Polyphenol Content (TPC) of 74.5 and 126.9 mg g −1 gallic acid, respectively, with 83.73% DPPH and 72.25% FRAP activity, indicating the elicitation of antioxidant properties in tomato fruits. EDS analyses showed 21.53% Si in SMS, and plant mapping investigation indicated a substantial accumulation of Si, which is well conceded to promote growth, disease resistance, and antioxidant parameters. The study also endorsed the use of PM over TP, as TF-I recorded an acceptable conidial count (2.22 × 10 8 cfu/g) towards the end of six months storage period over other bioformulations. Overall, the study envisages the development and application of innovative methodology (TF-I), offering an eco-friendly alternative for producing quality crops and a sustainable solution to waste management, thus delivering a holistic contribution towards the circular economy. Graphical abstract: Image 1 Highlights: Developed novel formulation using Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) for tomato crop. SMS significantly promoted the growth of biocontrol agent Trichoderma asperellum. Potential use of formulation in plant nutrient and wilt management in tomato. Significant qualitative improvements (nutritional and antioxidant) in tomato. Zero waste generation approach for paddy straw management.