Potential re-use of sewage sludge as a raw material in the production of eco-friendly bricks. (1st November 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zat, Tuani; Bandieira, Mariana; Sattler, Naquiele; Segadães, Ana M.; Cruz, Robinson C.D.; Mohamad, Gihad; Rodríguez, Erich D.
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental management. Volume 297(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-11-01
• Subjects: Sewage sludge -- Extruded ceramics -- Waste valorization -- Clay brick -- Building material; Environmental policy -- Periodicals; Environmental management -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Ecology -- Periodicals; 363.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113238
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-4797

Abstract

Abstract: Wastewater (sewage) treatment plants generate a high volume of sludge that, although it is classified as class II-A (not inert) non-hazardous waste, is commonly disposed of in sanitary landfills. Hence the environmental urge to assess its valorization possibilities. The present study describes the use of a sewage sludge as raw material in the production of red ceramic bricks by extrusion, focusing on the technological changes brought about by the presence of the sludge during the plastic forming process, in terms of the plasticity of the mixture and its subsequent extrudability. To quantitatively identify the best moisture conditions for the extrusion of high-quality products, shear strain amplitude sweep (torsional) tests were conducted on green (moist) prismatic samples produced with different moisture and sludge contents. For sewage sludge contents up to 10 wt%, the optimal moisture content was identified at 31-33 wt%. Higher water demand was identified for 15 wt% of sludge, for which optimal extrusion results required 35 wt% moisture. The total linear shrinkage after drying and firing, as well as the water absorption, were within the limits required for ceramic bricks for all the sludge contents. The results for compressive strength of the fired bricks also demonstrate that the incorporation of up to 15 wt% sewage sludge into the clay mixture is highly feasible for the production of extruded ceramic bricks. Highlights: Potential valorization of an industrial waste that is highly generated and is mainly disposed in landfill. The pathway allows the waste reuse as received without thermal treatments. Rheological measurements are used to identify an "extrudability window". High quality structural bricks can be produced (by extrusion) with 10% of sludge.