A fully matched dual stage CMOS power amplifier with integrated passive linearizer attaining 23 db gain, 40% PAE and 28 DBM OIP3. Issue 2 (9th August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gunasegaran, Premmilaah; Rajendran, Jagadheswaran; Mariappan, Selvakumar; Yusof, Yusman Mohd; Abdul Aziz, Zulfiqar Ali; Kumar, Narendra
• Is Part Of: Microelectronics international. Volume 38:Issue 2(2021)
• Page Start: 66
• Page End: 77
• Publication Date: 2021-08-09
• Subjects: CMOS -- Power amplifier -- Linearization -- Back off output power (PBO) -- Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) -- Power added efficiency (PAE); Microelectronics -- Periodicals; 621.381
• DOI: 10.1108/MI-01-2021-0008
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1356-5362

Abstract

Abstract : Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new linearization technique known as the passive linearizer technique which does not affect the power added efficiency (PAE) while maintaining a power gain of more than 20 dB for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier (PA). Design/methodology/approach: The linearization mechanism is executed with an aid of a passive linearizer implemented at the gate of the main amplifier to minimize the effect of Cgs capacitance through the generation of opposite phase response at the main amplifier. The inductor-less output matching network presents an almost lossless output matching network which contributes to high gain, PAE and output power. The linearity performance is improved without the penalty of power consumption, power gain and stability. Findings: With this topology, the PA delivers more than 20 dB gain for the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Band from 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz with a supply headroom of 1.8 V. At the center frequency of 2.45 GHz, the PA exhibits a gain of 23.3 dB with corresponding peak PAE of 40.11% at a maximum output power of 14.3 dBm. At a maximum linear output power of 12.7 dBm, a PAE of 37.3% has been achieved with a peak third order intermodulation product of 28.04 dBm with a power consumption of 50.58 mW. This corresponds to ACLR of – 20 dBc, thus qualifying the PA to operate for BLE operation. Practical implications: The proposed technique is able to boost up the efficiency and output power, as well as linearize the PA closer to 1 dB compression point. This reduces the trade-off between linear output power and PAE in CMOS PA design. Originality/value: The proposed CMOS PA can be integrated comfortably to a BLE transmitter, allowing it to reduce the transceiver's overall power consumption.