The One-Stop Gyrification Station - Challenges and New Technologies. (September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Hickmott, Ryan A.; Bosakhar, Abdulhameed; Quezada, Sebastian; Barresi, Mikaela; Walker, David W.; Ryan, Amy L.; Quigley, Anita; Tolcos, Mary
• Is Part Of: Progress in neurobiology. Volume 204(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-09
• Subjects: AFM Atomic force microscopy -- DTI Diffusion tensor imaging -- DW-MRI Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging -- E Embryonic day -- ECM Extracelluar matrix -- efBO Engineered flat brain organoid -- FGF fibroblast growth factor -- FLRT Fibronectin leucine rich-repeat transmembrane protein -- FA Fractional anisotropy -- GABA Gamma aminobutyric acid -- GW Gestational weeks -- HAPLN1 Hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 -- HLC HAPLN1, lumican, and collagen-I -- iSVZ Inner subventricular zone -- IRGC Intermediate radial glial cell -- IPC Intermediate progenitor cell -- iPSC Induced pluripotent stem cell -- IZ Intermediate zone -- MRI Magnetic resonance imaging -- MD Mean diffusivity -- MK Mean kurtosis -- NSC Neural stem cell -- oSVZ Outer subventricular zone -- oRG Outer radial glia -- P Postnatal day -- RGC Radial glial cell -- SVZ Subventricular zone -- Tbr2 T-box brain protein 2 -- TRNP1 TMF-regulated nuclear protein 1 -- VZ Ventricular zone; Brain -- Cortical folding -- Cerebral cortex -- Electrophysiology -- Ferret -- Induced pluripotent stem cell -- Neurodevelopment -- Neuroimaging -- Organoids -- Organotypic; Neurobiology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurology -- Periodicals; Neurobiologie -- Périodiques; 612.8
• DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102111
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-0082

Abstract

Abstract: The evolution of the folded cortical surface is an iconic feature of the human brain shared by a subset of mammals and considered pivotal for the emergence of higher-order cognitive functions. While our understanding of the neurodevelopmental processes involved in corticogenesis has greatly advanced over the past 70 years of brain research, the fundamental mechanisms that result in gyrification, along with its originating cytoarchitectural location, remain largely unknown. This review brings together numerous approaches to this basic neurodevelopmental problem, constructing a narrative of how various models, techniques and tools have been applied to the study of gyrification thus far. After a brief discussion of core concepts and challenges within the field, we provide an analysis of the significant discoveries derived from the parallel use of model organisms such as the mouse, ferret, sheep and non-human primates, particularly with regard to how they have shaped our understanding of cortical folding. We then focus on the latest developments in the field and the complementary application of newly emerging technologies, such as cerebral organoids, advanced neuroimaging techniques, and atomic force microscopy. Particular emphasis is placed upon the use of novel computational and physical models in regard to the interplay of biological and physical forces in cortical folding.