Hydroponic phytoremediation of paperboard mill wastewater by using vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides). Issue 4 (August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Davamani, Veeraswamy; Indhu Parameshwari, Chandrasekaran; Arulmani, Subramanian; Ezra John, Joseph; Poornima, Ramesh
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental chemical engineering. Volume 9:Issue 4(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-08
• Subjects: Paperboard effluent -- Phytoremediation -- Vetiver -- Hydroponics -- Bio-raft; Chemical engineering -- Environmental aspects -- Periodicals; Environmental engineering -- Periodicals; Chemical engineering -- Environmental aspects; Environmental engineering; Periodicals; 660.0286
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.105528
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2213-2929

Abstract

Abstract: Floating hydroponic system (FHS) is a potential and cost-effective technique for wastewater treatment. Vetiver ( Chrysopogon zizanioides ) is a more efficacious material for phytoremediation due to its physiological and morphological properties. A pilot-scale investigation on phytoremediation potential of FHS was carried out using Vetiver grass ( Chrysopogon zizanioides ) along with aeration on treated (TE) and raw effluents (RE) from paper board mill industry. Among the treatments, the vetiver hydroponic system with aeration had the highest treatment efficiency in the remediation of treated paper board mill effluent. The outcomes of the study exhibited a significant reduction in electrical conductivity (39.39%), total soluble salts (81.19%), and total dissolved solids (56.19%). The decline in Biological oxygen demand (55.68%) and chemical oxygen demand (58.01%) was evident at the end of the study period. The decrease in nutrients like total nitrogen (59.24%), phosphorus (47.78%), potassium (54.64%) was attributed to the growth of the vetiver grass. The lead concentration was dropped by 65.63% to 0.09 mg L −1 under the regime's permissible limits, and cadmium concentration decreased by 64.29%. From these results, the hydroponically grown vetiver treatment system combined with aeration poses a promising future for developing a sustainable, cost-effective methodology for pollutant detoxification in paperboard mill wastewater. Graphical abstract: ga1 Highlights: Hydroponic-based Vetiver system is an emerging phytotechnology to exploit its potential in wastewater treatment. Efficient vetiver hydroponic system with aeration exhibited higher potential towards treated paper board mill effluent. Vetiver grass showed a significant reduction in COD (81%), lead (66%), and cadmium (64%) concentration in treated wastewater. Pollutant reduction, as well as cost-effectiveness, was achieved through vetiver phytotechnology.