Neuroinflammatory contribution of microglia and astrocytes in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Issue 8 (22nd September 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kane, Cynthia J. M.; Drew, Paul D.
• Other Names: Marshall S. Alex guestEditor.
• Is Part Of: Journal of neuroscience research. Volume 99:Issue 8(2021)
• Page Start: 1973
• Page End: 1985
• Publication Date: 2020-09-22
• Subjects: FASD -- glia -- neuroinflammation; Neurobiology -- Periodicals; 612
• DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24735
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-4012

Abstract

Abstract: Ethanol exposure to the fetus during pregnancy can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). These disorders vary in severity, can affect multiple organ systems, and can lead to lifelong disabilities. Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) is common in FASD, and can result in altered behavior and cognition. The incidence of FASD is alarmingly high, resulting in significant personal and societal costs. There are no cures for FASD. Alcohol can directly alter the function of neurons in the developing CNS. In addition, ethanol can alter the function of CNS glial cells including microglia and astrocytes which normally maintain homeostasis in the CNS. These glial cells can function as resident immune cells in the CNS to protect against pathogens and other insults. However, activation of glia can also damage CNS cells and lead to aberrant CNS function. Ethanol exposure to the developing brain can result in the activation of glia and neuroinflammation, which may contribute to the pathology associated with FASD. This suggests that anti‐inflammatory agents may be effective in the treatment of FASD.