Central Role of Ubiquitination in Genome Maintenance: DNA Replication and Damage Repair. (8th February 2012)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ghosh, Soma; Saha, Tapas
• Other Names: Azzalin C. M. Academic Editor.; Heus H. A. Academic Editor.; Montecucco A. Academic Editor.
• Is Part Of: ISRN molecular biology. Volume 2012(2012)
• Publication Date: 2012-02-08
• Subjects: Molecular biology -- Periodicals; Biochemical Phenomena; Molecular biology; Periodical; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 572.8
• DOI: 10.5402/2012/146748
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2090-7907

Abstract

Abstract : Faithful transmission of genetic information through generations ensures genomic stability and integrity. However, genetic alterations occur every now and then during the course of genome duplication. In order to repair these genetic defects and lesions, nature has devised several repair pathways which function promptly to prevent the cell from accumulating permanent mutations. These repair mechanisms seem to be significantly impacted by posttranslational modifications of proteins like phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Protein ubiquitination is emerging as a critical regulatory mechanism of DNA damage response. Non-proteolytic, proteasome-independent functions of ubiquitin involving monoubiquitination and polyubiquitination of DNA repair proteins contribute significantly to the signaling of DNA repair pathways. In this paper, we will particularly highlight the work on ubiquitin-mediated signaling in the repair processes involving the Fanconi anemia pathway, translesional synthesis, nucleotide excision repair, and repair of double-strand breaks. We will also discuss the role of ubiquitin ligases in regulating checkpoint mechanisms, the role of deubiquitinating enzymes, and the growing possibilities of therapeutic intervention in this ubiquitin-conjugation system.