Characterization of the nanomechanical properties of the fission yeast (Schizosaccharomyces pombe) cell surface by atomic force microscopy. Issue 8 (6th May 2021) - Gibbs, Ellie
Abstract: Variations in cell wall composition and biomechanical properties can contribute to the cellular plasticity required during complex processes such as polarized growth and elongation in microbial cells. This study utilizes atomic force microscopy (AFM) to map the cell surface topography of fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, at the pole regions and to characterize the biophysical properties within these regions under physiological, hydrated conditions. High‐resolution images acquired from AFM topographic scanning reveal decreased surface roughness at the cell poles. Force extension curves acquired by nanoindentation probing with AFM cantilever tips under low applied force revealed increased cell wall deformation and decreased cellular stiffness (cellular spring constant) at cell poles (17 ± 4 mN/m) relative to the main body of the cell that is not undergoing growth and expansion (44 ± 10 mN/m). These findings suggest that the increased deformation and decreased stiffness at regions of polarized growth at fission yeast cell poles provide the plasticity necessary for cellular extension. This study provides a direct biophysical characterization of the S. pombe cell surface by AFM, and it provides a foundation for future investigation of how the surface topography and local nanomechanical properties vary during different cellular processes. Abstract : In this study, the authors utilize atomic force microscopy to evaluate the differential local surface topography and nanomechanical properties of fission yeast at cell pole regions relative to areas not undergoing expansion. They quantify decreased cellular stiffness at the poles, which could account for the plasticity necessary for polarized growth and expansion. These findings provide a foundation for future biophysical analyses of various cellular processes in fission yeast. Take away: AFM was utilized to provide high‐resolution surface topography mapping of S. pombe cell surface. Cell poles had decreased cellular stiffness, increased cell wall deformation, and decreased surface rougness compared to the cell body.