Blockchain based transactive energy systems for voltage regulation in active distribution networks. Issue 5 (29th May 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Saxena, Shivam; Farag, Hany E.Z.; Turesson, Hjalmar; Kim, Henry
• Is Part Of: IET smart grid. Volume 3:Issue 5(2020)
• Page Start: 646
• Page End: 656
• Publication Date: 2020-05-29
• Subjects: voltage control -- distribution networks -- distributed power generation -- power grids -- protocols -- smart power grids -- multi‐agent systems -- grid computing -- power distribution control -- contracts; agent services -- contract net protocol -- smart contract -- blockchain based transactive energy systems -- active distribution networks -- modern mechanisms -- electric power systems -- disparate control agents -- distributed generation units -- energy transactions -- ancillary services -- crucial ancillary grid service -- contract auditability -- blockchain technology -- trustless transactions -- persistent transactions -- blockchain based TES -- voltage regulation services -- auditable reputation rating -- voltage violation -- penalise reputation ratings; Smart power grids -- Periodicals; Computer science -- Periodicals; Energy industries -- Periodicals; Broadcasting -- Periodicals; 333.79110285
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-stg.2019.0286
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2515-2947

Abstract

Abstract : Transactive energy systems (TES) are modern mechanisms in electric power systems that allow disparate control agents to utilise distributed generation units to engage in energy transactions and provide ancillary services to the grid. Although voltage regulation is a crucial ancillary grid service within active distribution networks (ADNs), previous work has not adequately explored how this service can be offered in terms of its incentivisation, contract auditability, and enforcement. Blockchain technology shows promise in being a key enabler of TES, allowing agents to engage in trustless, persistent transactions that are both enforceable and auditable. To that end, this study proposes a blockchain based TES that enables agents to receive incentives for providing voltage regulation services by (i) maintaining an auditable reputation rating for each agent that is increased proportionately with each mitigation of a voltage violation, (ii) utilising smart contracts to enforce the validity of each transaction and penalise reputation ratings in case of a mitigation failure, and (iii) automating the negotiation and bidding of agent services by implementing the contract net protocol as a smart contract. Experimental results on both simulated and real‐world ADNs are executed to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed system.