Anatomical variability of sub-epidermal moisture and its clinical implications. Issue 3 (August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Jayabal, Hemalatha; Bates-Jensen, Barbara M.; Abiakam, Nkemjika S.; Worsley, Peter R.; Bader, Dan L.
• Is Part Of: Journal of tissue viability. Volume 30:Issue 3(2021)
• Page Start: 434
• Page End: 438
• Publication Date: 2021-08
• Subjects: Sub-epidermal moisture -- Pressure ulcers -- Chronic wounds -- Skin response variability -- Skin damage; Wounds and injuries -- Periodicals; Ulcers -- Periodicals; Bedsores -- Periodicals; Bedsores; Ulcers; Wounds and injuries; Electronic journals; Periodicals; 617.1406
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.04.003
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0965-206X

Abstract

Abstract: Background: Technologies have been developed to monitor changes in dermal oedema, indicative of the early signs of pressure ulcers. However, there is limited information on the effects of regional differences in tissue morphology on these sub-epidermal moisture (SEM) parameters. This study was designed to investigate the absolute SEM readings across different anatomical sites using a commercial device. Methods: Twenty-four healthy participants were recruited to evaluate basal SEM values at different bony prominences, sampled by an experienced operator. Results: Distinct differences were observed in unloaded SEM values across different anatomical sites, notably between the upper and lower extremities. A high degree of variability was observed in particular sites, such as the heels. Moreover, SEM values at certain locations revealed significant relationships with age, BMI and gender (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study revealed a high level of variability between and within anatomical sites in a healthy cohort of participants. Determining the changes in local skin and sub-dermal tissue status using SEM may require consideration of both site specific and individual demographic factors, with further research needed in cohorts at risk of pressure ulcers. Highlights: Influence of anatomical locations and demographics on baseline SEM values were examined. Significant associations between basal SEM readings at selected locations and participant demographics were revealed. The study suggests the use of site-specific thresholds to expand the utility of the technology. The study will form the basis for further clinical studies to assess the effects of anatomical variability on SEM thresholds.