Unusual Presentation of Kratom Overdose With Rhabdomyolysis, Transient Hearing Loss, and Heart Failure. (March 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Sangani, Vikram; Sunnoqrot, Naseem; Gargis, Kurdistan; Ranabhotu, Akshay; Mubasher, Abbas; Pokal, Mytri
• Is Part Of: Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports. Volume 9(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-03
• Subjects: kratom -- 7-hydroxy mitragynine -- mitragynine -- rhabdomyolysis and compartment syndrome; Internal medicine -- Periodicals; Medical care -- Periodicals; 616.005
• DOI: 10.1177/23247096211005069
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2324-7096

Abstract

Kratom mainly grows in Southeast Asia. It is widely used for pain management and opioid withdrawal, which is available online for cheaper prices. Alkaloids extracted from kratom such as mitragynine and 7-hydroxy mitragynine exhibit analgesic properties by acting through µ receptors. Commonly reported side effects of kratom include hypertension, tachycardia, agitation, dry mouth, hallucinations, cognitive and behavioral impairment, cardiotoxicity, renal failure, cholestasis, seizures, respiratory depression, coma, and sudden cardiac death from cardiac arrest. Rhabdomyolysis is a less commonly reported lethal effect of kratom. Limited information is available in the literature. In this article, we present a case of a 45-year-old female who is overdosed with kratom and presented with lethargy, confusion, transient hearing loss, and right lower extremity swelling and pain associated with weakness who was found to have elevated creatinine phosphokinase. She was diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis, compartment syndrome, multiorgan dysfunction including acute kidney injury, liver dysfunction, and cardiomyopathy. She underwent emergent fasciotomy and required hemodialysis. Her renal and liver function subsequently improved. We described the case and discussed pharmacology and adverse effects of kratom toxicity with a proposed mechanism and management. We conclude that it is essential for emergency physicians, internists, intensivists, cardiologists, and nephrologists to be aware of these rare manifestations of kratom and consider a multidisciplinary approach.