Contrasting trends in biodiversity of birds and trees during succession following cacao agroforest abandonment. Issue 6 (4th May 2021)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Contrasting trends in biodiversity of birds and trees during succession following cacao agroforest abandonment. Issue 6 (4th May 2021)
- Main Title:
- Contrasting trends in biodiversity of birds and trees during succession following cacao agroforest abandonment
- Authors:
- Arnold, Haley
Deacon, Amy E.
Hulme, Mark F.
Sansom, Alex
Jaggernauth, Dan
Magurran, Anne E. - Abstract:
- Abstract: Understanding how transformed habitats act as reservoirs of biodiversity is a key challenge at a time when ecosystems are under unprecedented pressure. Here we compare tree and bird biodiversity in actively cultivated and abandoned cacao agroforests, and use a space for time approach to ask how this diversity has changed over 100 years of succession. Tree and bird communities were surveyed in cacao agroforests, secondary forests at different stages of succession and primary forests in the Northern Range of Trinidad, West Indies, to test the prediction that there are consistent temporal trends in alpha and beta‐diversity across taxa. Temporal alpha‐diversity was taxon dependent. We found that tree alpha‐diversity increased with forest age. In contrast, there was no temporal trend in bird alpha‐diversity. Tree and bird species richness were negatively correlated. Tree and bird composition varied with forest age and environmental distance. A greater proportion of native trees, and of highly forest‐dependent and insectivorous birds were found in older forests. Our analyses show that actively cultivated and young abandoned cacao agroforests can sustain high bird alpha‐diversity, despite lower levels of tree alpha‐diversity. Old secondary and primary forests have unique species compositions including more sensitive and specialist species. Compositional shifts with successional stage for both trees and birds produce a patchwork of habitats that contribute to regionalAbstract: Understanding how transformed habitats act as reservoirs of biodiversity is a key challenge at a time when ecosystems are under unprecedented pressure. Here we compare tree and bird biodiversity in actively cultivated and abandoned cacao agroforests, and use a space for time approach to ask how this diversity has changed over 100 years of succession. Tree and bird communities were surveyed in cacao agroforests, secondary forests at different stages of succession and primary forests in the Northern Range of Trinidad, West Indies, to test the prediction that there are consistent temporal trends in alpha and beta‐diversity across taxa. Temporal alpha‐diversity was taxon dependent. We found that tree alpha‐diversity increased with forest age. In contrast, there was no temporal trend in bird alpha‐diversity. Tree and bird species richness were negatively correlated. Tree and bird composition varied with forest age and environmental distance. A greater proportion of native trees, and of highly forest‐dependent and insectivorous birds were found in older forests. Our analyses show that actively cultivated and young abandoned cacao agroforests can sustain high bird alpha‐diversity, despite lower levels of tree alpha‐diversity. Old secondary and primary forests have unique species compositions including more sensitive and specialist species. Compositional shifts with successional stage for both trees and birds produce a patchwork of habitats that contribute to regional gamma‐diversity. Synthesis and applications . Our research highlights the value of actively cultivated cacao agroforests and secondary forest alongside primary forests as reservoirs of biodiversity. By supporting both biodiversity and livelihoods, traditionally grown shade‐cacao agroforests fall within a people and nature framework. Taken together, these results emphasise the contributions of secondary forests, which are often overlooked, to conservation. Abstract : Our research highlights the value of actively cultivated cacao agroforests and secondary forest alongside primary forests as reservoirs of biodiversity. By supporting both biodiversity and livelihoods, traditionally grown shade‐cacao agroforests fall within a people and nature framework. Taken together, these results emphasise the contributions of secondary forests, which are often overlooked, to conservation. Resumen: Comprender cómo los hábitats transformados actúan como reservas de biodiversidad es un reto clave en un momento en el que los ecosistemas se encuentran bajo una presión sin precedentes. En este estudio comparamos la biodiversidad de árboles y aves en sistemas agroforestales de cacao cultivados activamente y abandonados, y usamos un enfoque de espacio por tiempo para preguntar cómo esta diversidad ha cambiado a lo largo de 100 años de sucesión. Se muestrearon comunidades de árboles y aves en sistemas agroforestales de cacao, bosques secundarios en diferentes estadios de sucesión y bosques primarios en la Cordillera Septentrional de Trinidad, Antillas, para probar la predicción de que existen tendencias temporales consistentes entre taxones en las diversidades alfa y beta. Se halló que la diversidad alfa temporal era dependiente del taxón. Encontramos que la diversidad alfa de los árboles aumentaba con la edad del bosque. Por el contrario, no hubo una tendencia temporal en la diversidad alfa de las aves. La riqueza de especies de árboles y aves se correlacionó negativamente. La composición de árboles y aves varió con la edad del bosque y la distancia ambiental. En los bosques más antiguos se encontró una mayor proporción de árboles nativos y de aves insectívoras y altamente dependientes de ambientes forestales. Nuestros análisis muestran que los sistemas agroforestales de cacao cultivados activamente y recientemente abandonados pueden sustentar una alta diversidad alfa de aves a pesar de niveles más bajos de diversidad alfa de árboles. Los bosques primarios y secundarios antiguos tienen composiciones únicas que incluyen especies más sensibles y especializadas. Los cambios en la composición tanto de árboles como de aves en las diferentes etapas sucesionales producen un mosaico de hábitats que contribuye a la diversidad gamma regional. Síntesis y aplicaciones . nuestra investigación destaca el valor de los sistemas agroforestales de cacao cultivados activamente y de los bosques secundarios como reservas de biodiversidad junto con los bosques primarios. Al ser sustento tanto de biodiversidad como de medios de vida, los sistemas agroforestales de cacao tradicionalmente cultivados con dosel de sombra son parte de un marco que incluye personas y naturaleza. En conjunto, estos resultados enfatizan las contribuciones de bosques secundarios, a menudo pasadas por alto, a la conservación. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of applied ecology. Volume 58:Issue 6(2021)
- Journal:
- Journal of applied ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 58:Issue 6(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 58, Issue 6 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 58
- Issue:
- 6
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0058-0006-0000
- Page Start:
- 1248
- Page End:
- 1260
- Publication Date:
- 2021-05-04
- Subjects:
- bird diversity -- cocoa -- multi‐taxa -- people and nature -- secondary forest succession -- tree diversity -- tropical forest biodiversity conservation
Agriculture -- Periodicals
Biology, Economic -- Periodicals
Agricultural ecology -- Periodicals
Applied ecology -- Periodicals
577 - Journal URLs:
- http://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2664/ ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗
http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/member/institutions/issuelist.asp?journal=jpe ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2664.13869 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0021-8901
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
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- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4942.500000
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British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 18213.xml