P61 The Prevalence Of Hypercapnia In Patients With Alpha-1-anti-trypsin Deficiency (aatd). (10th November 2014) - Dave, C
Abstract : Introduction: Hypercapnia in the acute phase of COPD exacerbation is common, with CO2 >6 kPA in 44% of patients at some point during their admission. Little data exists on the prevalence of hypercapnia in stable COPD patients, and even less in those with AATD. As emphysema is more predominant in the lower lobes of AATD patients, this is likely to contribute to hyperinflation and hence potentially increase CO2 levels. Methods: The Birmingham AATD database (ADAPT) is a registry of with over 1000 patients with AATD. The registry has basic demographics, detailed spirometric parameters as well as baseline blood gases. Hypercapnia is defined as CO2 greater than 5.5 kPa. Results: The blood gas results of 766 (PiZZ genotypes) individual patients were available for analysis. 93 patients (12.14%) had a type 1 respiratory failure, defined as a PO2 <8 kPa, 69 had hypercapnia (9.01%) and 16 (2.09%) patients fulfilled both criteria. There is a statistically significant difference seen in the hypercapnic vs non-hypercapnic population with regards to FEV1 (1.07 vs 1.46, p = 0.01), FVC (3.45(CI 3.1–3.81) vs 3.82, p = 0.02) and BMI (27.1 vs 24.9, p = 0.02). There is no difference in the amount of upper zone emphysema (29.54 vs 30.50 (CI 29.12–33.01)) or lower zone emphysema (40.66 vs 49.13 (CI 42.64–47.32)). Chi-squared analysis of lower zone predominance (lower zone – upper zone) showed no statistical difference either (p = 0.76). Factors clinically significant in univariate analysis were taken forward to logistic regression analysis where BMI was the only clinically significant (p = 0.008) predictor. Conclusion: Hypercapnia is relatively common amongst AATD patients, but Type 2 respiratory failure is uncommon. There is an increased risk of hypercapnia with worse FEV1, FVC and higher BMI. The presence or location of emphysema did not seem to influence the CO2 levels.