Validity and factor structure of the bodybuilding dependence scale. Issue 2 (23rd March 2004)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Smith, D; Hale, B
• Is Part Of: British journal of sports medicine. Volume 38:Issue 2(2004)
• Page Start: 177
• Page End: 181
• Publication Date: 2004-03-23
• Subjects: bodybuilding -- exercise dependence -- muscle dysmorphia; BDS, bodybuilding dependence scale -- CFI, comparative fit index -- EDQ, exercise dependence questionnaire -- MDI, muscle dysmorphia inventory -- SRMR, standardised root mean square residual; Sports medicine -- Periodicals; 617.1027
• DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.003269
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0306-3674

Abstract

Abstract : Objectives: To investigate the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the bodybuilding dependence scale and to investigate differences in bodybuilding dependence between men and women and competitive and non-competitive bodybuilders. Methods: Seventy two male competitive bodybuilders, 63 female competitive bodybuilders, 87 male non-competitive bodybuilders, and 63 non-competitive female bodybuilders completed the bodybuilding dependence scale (BDS), the exercise dependence questionnaire (EDQ), and the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis of the BDS supported a three factor model of bodybuilding dependence, consisting of social dependence, training dependence, and mastery dependence ( Q = 3.16, CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.04). Internal reliability of all three subscales was high (Cronbach's α = 0.92, 0.92, and 0.93 respectively). Significant (p<0.001) and moderate correlations were found between all BDS and MDI subscales, and between five of the eight EDQ subscales. A multivariate analysis of covariance, with univariate F tests and Tukey HSD tests, revealed that both male and female competitive bodybuilders scored significantly (p<0.05) higher on all three BDS subscales than the male and female non-competitive bodybuilders. However, there were no significant sex differences on any of the BDS subscales (p>0.05). Conclusion: The three factor BDS appears to be a reliable and valid measure of bodybuilding dependence. Symptoms of bodybuilding dependence are more prevalent in competitive bodybuilders than non-competitive ones, but there are no significant sex differences in bodybuilding dependence.