Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: reinforcing learning points. Issue 9 (2nd September 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Goonoo, Mohummad Shaan; Morris, Rebecca; Raithatha, Ajay; Creagh, Fionuala
• Is Part Of: BMJ case reports. Volume 13:Issue 9(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-09-02
• Subjects: diabetes -- intensive care -- toxicology -- fluid electrolyte and acid-base disturbances -- renal intervention; Medicine -- Case studies -- Periodicals; 610.5
• DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-235608
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1757-790X

Abstract

Abstract : Metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) carries a high mortality rate. It is seen in patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin or patients who attempt suicide with metformin overdose. We present the case of a man in his early 20s with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and hypothyroidism who presented with agitation, abdominal pain and vomiting after ingesting 50–60 g of metformin; he developed severe lactic acidosis (blood pH 6.93, bicarbonate 7.8 mEq/L, lactate 28.0 mEq/L). He was managed with intravenous 8.4% bicarbonate infusion and continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. He also developed acute renal failure (ARF) requiring intermittent haemodialysis and continuous haemodiafiltration. MALA is uncommon and causes changes in different vital organs and even death. The primary goals of therapy are restoration of acid-base status and removal of metformin. Early renal replacement therapy for ARF can result in rapid reversal of the acidosis and good recovery, even with levels of lactate normally considered to be incompatible with survival.