Synthesis and evaluation of chondroitin sulfate based hydrogels of loxoprofen with adjustable properties as controlled release carriers. (1st February 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Khalid, Ikrima; Ahmad, Mahmood; Usman Minhas, Muhammad; Barkat, Kashif
• Is Part Of: Carbohydrate polymers. Volume 181(2018)
• Page Start: 1169
• Page End: 1179
• Publication Date: 2018-02-01
• Subjects: Chondroitin sulfate -- Loxoprofen sodium -- Water absorbency -- Hydrogel -- Swelling behavior -- Kinetic study; Polysaccharides -- Periodicals; Polysaccharides -- Periodicals; Polysaccharides -- Périodiques; Electronic journals; 547.78
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.092
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0144-8617

Abstract

Highlights: Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is functionalized by crosslinking with monomers. Grafting of CS yield macromolecule with excellent swelling and drug loading. An optimized feed ratio is developed in this study to prepare CS hydrogels. Structural analysis confirmed the new polymeric network formation. Newly synthesized functionalized CS hydrogels have capacity to absorb various drugs. Abstract: Mixtures of polymer (chondroitin sulfate) and monomer (AMPS) in the presence of co-monomer (MBA) were employed for the production of hydrogels, with adjustable properties, following free radical copolymerization. The hydrogel's structural properties were assessed by FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM and XRD which confirmed the development and stability of synthesized structure. The results from FTIR analysis showed that CS react with the AMPS monomer during the polymerization process and confirmed the grafting of AMPS chains onto CS backbone. The surface morphology of CS-co-poly(AMPS) hydrogels, as evident by SEM, corresponds to their improved swelling ability due to high porosity. Thermal analysis showed that crosslinking formed a stable hydrogel network which is thermally more stable than its basic ingredients. The effects of pH revealed an increasing trend in swelling with increasing concentration of either CS or AMPS. In addition, different modalities for drug loading were studied with respect to drug homogeneous distribution; loxoprofen sodium was employed as model drug and was loaded by swelling-diffusion method. I n vitro drug release profiles and kinetics were assessed to confirm their reproducibility and reliability. Higuchi model is the best fit model to explain drug release from formed gels indicating diffusion-controlled release. Similarly, Korsmeyer–Peppas model yields remarkably good adjustments where release kinetics involves a combination of diffusion in hydrated matrix and polymer relaxation. Conclusively, CS-co-poly(AMPS) hydrogels could be a potential alternate to conventional dosage forms for controlled delivery of loxoprofen sodium for extended period of time.