The characteristics and performance of hybrid redox flow batteries with zinc negative electrodes for energy storage. (July 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Arenas, Luis F.; Loh, Adeline; Trudgeon, David P.; Li, Xiaohong; Ponce de León, Carlos; Walsh, Frank C.
• Is Part Of: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. Volume 90(2018)
• Page Start: 992
• Page End: 1016
• Publication Date: 2018-07
• Subjects: 2-D bi-dimensional -- 3-D three-dimensional -- 3NCP N-benzyl-3-carboxylpyridinium chloride -- BOD bilirubin oxidase -- CAD computer aided design -- CB carbon black -- CDF computational fluid dynamics -- CNT carbon nanotube -- CTAB cetyltrimethylammonium bromide -- DMAQ dimethyl-2, 6-dihydroxyanthraquinone -- DPE discrete particle electrolyser -- ESS energy storage system -- FrTSCN furfuraldehydethiosemicarbazone -- GDE gas diffusion electrode -- HDPE high density polyethylene -- NASICON sodium super ionic conductor -- MEA membrane electrode assembly -- MEM N-methyl-N-ethylmorpholinium bromide -- MEP N-methyl-N-ethyl-pyrrolidinium bromide -- MSA methanesulfonic acid -- MWCNT multi-walled carbon nanotube -- PA polyamine -- Pani polyaniline -- PGE polymer gel electrolyte -- ppi pores per inch -- Pt/Ti platinised titanium -- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene -- PVA polyvinyl alcohol -- PVE polyvinyl ester -- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride -- PZ piperazine -- R&D research and development -- RFB redox flow battery -- RTIL room temperature ionic liquid -- RVC reticulated vitreous carbon -- SEM scanning electron microscopy -- SCE saturated calomel electrode -- SHE standard hydrogen electrode -- SOC state of charge -- SWCNT single-walled carbon nanotube -- TBAB tetrabutylammonium bromide -- TEMPO 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxyl -- UPS uninterruptable power supply -- XRD x-ray diffraction; Air electrode -- Bromine -- Energy storage -- Nickel -- Redox flow battery -- Zinc; Renewable energy sources -- Periodicals; Power resources -- Periodicals; Énergies renouvelables -- Périodiques; Ressources énergétiques -- Périodiques; 333.794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2018.03.016
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 1364-0321

Abstract

Abstract: Zinc negative electrodes are well known in primary batteries based on the classical Leclanché cell but a more recent development is the introduction of a number of rechargeable redox flow batteries for pilot and commercial scale using a zinc/zinc ion redox couple, in acid or alkaline electrolytes, or transformation of surface zinc oxides as a reversible electrode. The benefits and limitations of zinc negative electrodes are outlined with examples to discuss their thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics along with their practical aspects. Four main types of redox flow batteries employing zinc electrodes are considered: zinc-bromine, zinc-cerium, zinc-air and zinc-nickel. Problems associated with zinc deposition and dissolution, especially in acid media, are summarized. The main features of each battery are identified and the benefits of a flowing electrolyte are explained. In each case, a summary of their development, the electrode and cell reactions, their potentials, the performance of the positive and negative electrodes, the advantages of a single flow compartment and cell developments for energy storage are included. Remaining challenges are highlighted and possibilities for future advances in redox flow batteries are suggested. Graphical abstract: fx1 Highlights: The importance of Zn negative electrodes for RFBs is highlighted. Acidic, neutral and alkaline electrolytes are involved. Zn- Br2, Zn-air, Zn-Ce, Zn-Ni and other Zn-based cells are featured. Electrode potentials and charge-discharge performance are considered. Developments are critically discussed; further R & D needs are underlined.