Subacute and subchronic oral toxicity assessments of Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) Guill. & Perr. root in Wistar rats. (2019)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Kale, O.E.; Awodele, O.; Akindele, A.J.
• Is Part Of: Toxicology reports. Volume 6(2019)
• Page Start: 161
• Page End: 175
• Publication Date: 2019
• Subjects: COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 -- ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -- FSH Follicle stimulating hormone -- HEASR hydroethanolic extract of A. Smeathmannii (DC.) root -- HEASR4 250 mg/kg ofhydroethanolic extract of A. Smeathmannii (DC.) root -- HEASR5 500 mg/kg ofhydroethanolic extract of A. Smeathmannii (DC.) root -- HEASR6 1000 mg/kg ofhydroethanolic extract of A. Smeathmannii (DC.) root -- ROS reactive oxygen species; Acridocarpus smeathmannii (DC.) root -- Subacute toxicity -- Subchronic toxicity -- Wistar rats -- Safety study -- Toxicology; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Clinical toxicology -- Periodicals; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Hazardous Substances; Poisoning; Toxicology; Electronic journals; Periodicals; Periodicals; 571.9505
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2019.01.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2214-7500

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Abstract: Recent adverse herb reactions have stimulated interest documenting the safety profile of medicinal agents. Thus, subacute and subchronic oral toxicity of the hydroethanolic extract of Acridocarpus smeathmannii root (HEASR) in Wistar rats was investigated. In the 28 and 90-day subacute and subchronic toxicity tests, sixty-four rats (n = male: female = 1:1 = 32) were divided into four of eight/group and ninety-six (n = male: female = 1:1 = 48) into twelve/group respectively. Distilled water (10 mL/kg) or HEASR4, HEASR5 and HEASR6 (250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) respectively were administered via oral gavage. Animals were killed humanely 24 h after the last administration. Using standard methods, acute oral toxicity dose of HEAR (2000 mg/kg) was non-lethal in rodents. Subacute administration of HEASR6 increased total bilirubin (p < 0.05) in female rats. HEASR moderately altered both haematological and biochemical indices in rats. HEASR6 administration reduced ovary weight in both studies while follicle stimulating hormone level in male was reduced at all doses used. HEASR modulated lipid peroxidation, sperm quality and elevated cyclooxygenase-2 levels in rats. Histology revealed gastritis and congestions in vital organs. The low-observed adverse effect level for HEASR was below 250 mg/kg for both sexes. Overall, HEASR demonstrated inherent toxicity evidenced by our current findings. The exaggeration of its folklore medicine applications calls for cautions.