Integrating electrochemical immunosensing and cell adhesion technologies for cancer cell detection and enumeration. (1st October 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Seenivasan, Rajesh; Warrick, Jay W.; Rodriguez, Carlos I.; Mattison, William; Beebe, David J.; Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi; Gunasekaran, Sundaram
• Is Part Of: Electrochimica acta. Volume 286(2018)
• Page Start: 205
• Page End: 211
• Publication Date: 2018-10-01
• Subjects: Differential pulse voltammetry -- Cancer cells -- Microfluidics -- Point-of-care -- Label-free detection; Electrochemistry -- Periodicals; Electrochemistry, Industrial -- Periodicals; 541.37
• DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.005
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0013-4686

Abstract

Abstract: We have successfully integrated techniques for controlling cell adhesion and performing electrochemical differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) through the use of digitally controlled microfluidics and patterned transparent indium tin oxide electrode arrays to enable rapid and sensitive enumeration of cancer cells in a scalable microscale format. This integrated approach leverages a dual-working electrode (WE) surface to improve the specificity of the detection system. Here, one of the WE surfaces is functionalized with anti-Melanocortin 1 Receptor antibodies specific to melanoma cancer cells, while the other WE acts as a control (i.e., without antibody), for detecting non-specific interactions between cells and the electrode. The method is described and shown to provide effective detection of melanoma cells at concentrations ranging between 25 and 300 cells per 20 μL sample volume after a 5 min incubation and 15 s of DPV measurements. The estimated limit of detection was ∼17 cells. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were quantified using addition of large fractions of non-target cells and resulted in a detection reproducibility of ∼97%. The proposed approach demonstrates a unique integration of electrochemical sensing and microfluidic cell adhesion technologies with multiple advantages such as label-free detection, short detection times, and low sample volumes. Next steps for this platform include testing with patient samples and use of other cell-surface biomarkers for detection and enumeration of circulating tumor cells in prostate, breast, and colon cancer. Graphical abstract: Integrated technique for controlling cell adhesion and performing electrochemical differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) through the use of digitally controlled microfluidics and patterned transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode arrays to enable rapid and sensitive enumeration of melanoma cells in a scalable microscale format. Image 1 Highlights: Integration of microfluidics to enhance label-free electrochemical sensing. Label-free detection and enumeration of melanoma cells in a scalable microscale format. Rapid detection of as few as 25 cells in ∼5 min with an LOD of ∼17 cells. Potential portable point-of-care system for routine monitoring of rare cell types.