Optimal sizing and power schedule in PV household-prosumers for improving PV self-consumption and providing frequency containment reserve. (15th January 2020)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Gomez-Gonzalez, M.; Hernandez, J.C.; Vera, D.; Jurado, F.
• Is Part Of: Energy. Volume 191(2020)
• Publication Date: 2020-01-15
• Subjects: Batteries -- Electric vehicle -- Frequency containment reserve -- Lifetime -- Power management strategy -- PV power systems; Power resources -- Periodicals; Power (Mechanics) -- Periodicals; Energy consumption -- Periodicals; 333.7905
• DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.116554
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0360-5442

Abstract

Abstract: This paper presents a methodology for jointly optimizing the sizing and power management of PV household-prosumers, namely, photovoltaic (PV) power, electric vehicle charging load (EVCL), household consumption load (HCL), battery bank (BB), and power converters. The optimization includes PV self-consumption enhancement and frequency containment reserve (FCR). This innovative model uses an annual techno-economic assessment to calculate the total costs and revenue by means of the teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The assessment of BB aging takes into account the charge/discharge power as well as the depth of discharge (DOD). This methodology is applied to Spanish PV household-prosumers. Results are obtained for scenarios involving PV, EV, and BB. Moreover, the PV household-prosumer approximated the smart user concept by providing FCR service. The scenarios envisaged examined potential revenues based on markets (day-ahead and FCR market) and their influence on profitability. The results of this study confirmed that BB is a cost-effective way of enhancing PV self-consumption by decreasing the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE). In fact, when FCR provision was added, there was a significant increase in the total revenue with a relatively low impact on BB aging. Highlights: The TLBO algorithm optimizes the sizing and power program of PV household-prosumers. The profitability of PV household-prosumers is greatly enhanced by FCR provision. FCR allows PV sizing remains unchanged and battery sizing doubles. Significant changes in sizing occur for households of similar annual yield. BB aging impacts final profitability because of its replacement cost.