Extracellular dsRNA induces a type I interferon response mediated via class A scavenger receptors in a novel Chinook salmon derived spleen cell line. (December 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Semple, S.L.; Vo, N.T.K.; Poynter, S.J.; Li, M.; Heath, D.D.; DeWitte-Orr, S.J.; Dixon, B.
• Is Part Of: Developmental and comparative immunology. Volume 89(2018)
• Page Start: 93
• Page End: 101
• Publication Date: 2018-12
• Subjects: Chinook salmon -- Cell line -- polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid -- Interferon-stimulated genes -- Innate immunity -- dsRNA; Immunology -- Periodicals; Developmental immunology -- Periodicals; 616.079
• DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.08.010
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0145-305X

Abstract

Abstract: Despite increased global interest in Chinook salmon aquaculture, little is known of their viral immune defenses. This study describes the establishment and characterization of a continuous cell line derived from Chinook salmon spleen, CHSS, and its use in innate immune studies. Optimal growth was seen at 14–18 °C when grown in Leibovitz's L-15 media with 20% fetal bovine serum. DNA analyses confirmed that CHSS was Chinook salmon and genetically different from the only other available Chinook salmon cell line, CHSE-214. Unlike CHSE-214, CHSS could bind extracellular dsRNA, resulting in the rapid and robust expression of antiviral genes. Receptor/ligand blocking assays confirmed that class A scavenger receptors (SR-A) facilitated dsRNA binding and subsequent gene expression. Although both cell lines expressed three SR-A genes: SCARA3, SCARA4, and SCARA5, only CHSS appeared to have functional cell-surface SR-As for dsRNA. Collectively, CHSS is an excellent cell model to study dsRNA-mediated innate immunity in Chinook salmon. Highlights: Development of a novel Chinook salmon cell line, CHSS. CHSS can bind extracellular dsRNA, unlike CHSE-214. Both CHSE-214 and CHSS express scavenger receptors. CHSS can be used to study Chinook salmon antiviral responses in vitro .