Rewiring of chromatin state and gene expression by transposable elements. (16th June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Ohtani, Hitoshi; Iwasaki, Yuka W.
• Is Part Of: Development growth and differentiation. Volume 63:Number 4/5(2021)
• Page Start: 262
• Page End: 273
• Publication Date: 2021-06-16
• Subjects: transposable element -- enhancer -- transcriptional regulation -- non‐coding RNA -- chromatin state; Embryology -- Periodicals; Developmental biology -- Periodicals; Growth -- Periodicals; 574.3
• DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12735
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0012-1592

Abstract

Abstract: Transposable elements form a major fraction of the genome in various eukaryotic species. Although deleterious effects of transpositions within the genome have been reported, recent findings suggest that transposable elements can function as novel regulatory elements to fine‐tune gene expression. Transposable elements can impact the chromatin state through processes such as heterochromatin formation, enhancer–promoter interactions, and chromatin boundary formation, mainly because of the functions of chromatin‐based pathways that regulate the expression of transposable elements via DNA methylation and repressive histone modification. Therefore, transposable elements can rewire the chromatin state and gene expression depending on their insertions. Here, we review the findings that reveal the role of transposable elements as modifiers of the chromatin state and gene expression as well as the molecular mechanisms capable of inducing these changes. Abstract : This review aims to address the gaps in the research on rewiring of the chromatin state and gene expression by transposable elements, by focusing on studies that involve TE‐mediated epigenetic regulatory machinery.