Early childhood cognitive development is affected by interactions among illness, diet, enteropathogens and the home environment: findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study. Issue 4 (23rd July 2018)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Other Names: Acosta Angel Mendez author non-byline.; De Burga Rosa Rios author non-byline.; Chavez Cesar Banda author non-byline.; Flores Julian Torres author non-byline.; Olotegui Maribel Paredes author non-byline.; Pinedo Silvia Rengifo author non-byline.; Salas Mery Siguas author non-byline.; Trigoso Dixner Rengifo author non-byline.; Vasquez Angel Orbe author non-byline.; Iquitos author non-byline.; Ahmed Imran author non-byline.; Alam Didar author non-byline.; Ali Asad author non-byline.; Bhutta Zulfiqar A author non-byline.; Qureshi Shahida author non-byline.; Rasheed Muneera author non-byline.; Soofi Sajid author non-byline.; Turab Ali author non-byline.; Zaidi Anita K M author non-byline.; Bodhidatta Ladaporn author non-byline.; Mason Carl J author non-byline.; Babji Sudhir author non-byline.; Bose Anuradha author non-byline.; George Ajila T author non-byline.; Hariraju Dinesh author non-byline.; Jennifer M Steffi author non-byline.; John Sushil author non-byline.; Kaki Shiny author non-byline.; Kang Gagandeep author non-byline.; Karunakaran Priyadarshani author non-byline.; Koshy Beena author non-byline.; Lazarus Robin P author non-byline.; Muliyil Jayaprakash author non-byline.; Raghava Mohan Venkata author non-byline.; Raju Sophy author non-byline.; Ramachandran Anup author non-byline.; Ramadas Rakhi author non-byline.; Ramanujam Karthikeyan author non-byline.; Bose Anuradha author non-byline.; Roshan Reeba author non-byline.; Sharma Srujan L author non-byline.; E Shanmuga Sundaram author non-byline.; Thomas Rahul J author non-byline.; Pan William K author non-byline.; Ambikapathi Ramya author non-byline.; Carreon J Daniel author non-byline.; Charu Vivek author non-byline.; Doan Viyada author non-byline.; Graham Jhanelle author non-byline.; Hoest Christel author non-byline.; Knobler Stacey author non-byline.; Lang Dennis R author non-byline.; McCormick Benjamin J J author non-byline.; McGrath Monica author non-byline.; Miller Mark A author non-byline.; Mohale Archana author non-byline.; Nayyar Gaurvika author non-byline.; Psaki Stephanie author non-byline.; Rasmussen Zeba author non-byline.; Richard Stephanie A author non-byline.; Seidman Jessica C author non-byline.; Wang Vivian author non-byline.; Blank Rebecca author non-byline.; Gottlieb Michael author non-byline.; Tountas Karen H author non-byline.; Amour Caroline author non-byline.; Bayyo Eliwaza author non-byline.; Mduma Estomih R author non-byline.; Mvungi Regisiana author non-byline.; Nshama Rosemary author non-byline.; Pascal John author non-byline.; Swema Buliga Mujaga author non-byline.; Yarrot Ladislaus author non-byline.; Ahmed Tahmeed author non-byline.; Ahmed A M Shamsir author non-byline.; Haque Rashidul author non-byline.; Hossain Iqbal author non-byline.; Islam Munirul author non-byline.; Mahfuz Mustafa author non-byline.; Mondal Dinesh author non-byline.; Tofail Fahmida author non-byline.; Chandyo Ram Krishna author non-byline.; Shrestha Prakash Sunder author non-byline.; Shrestha Rita author non-byline.; Ulak Manjeswori author non-byline.; Bauck Aubrey author non-byline.; Black Robert E author non-byline.; Caulfield Laura E author non-byline.; Checkley William author non-byline.; Kosek Margaret N author non-byline.; Lee Gwenyth author non-byline.; Schulze Kerry author non-byline.; Yori Pablo Peñataro author non-byline.; Murray-Kolb Laura E author non-byline.; Ross A Catharine author non-byline.; Schaefer Barbara author non-byline.; Simons Suzanne author non-byline.; Pendergast Laura author non-byline.; Abreu Cláudia B author non-byline.; Costa Hilda author non-byline.; Moura Alessandra Di author non-byline.; Filho José Quirino author non-byline.; Havt Alexandre author non-byline.; Leite Álvaro M author non-byline.; Lima Aldo A M author non-byline.; Lima Noélia L author non-byline.; Lima Ila F author non-byline.; Maciel Bruna L L author non-byline.; Medeiros Pedro H Q S author non-byline.; Moraes Milena author non-byline.; Mota Francisco S author non-byline.; Oriá Reinaldo B author non-byline.; Quetz Josiane author non-byline.; Soares Alberto M author non-byline.; Mota Rosa M S author non-byline.; Patil Crystal L author non-byline.; Bessong Pascal author non-byline.; Mahopo Cloupas author non-byline.; Maphula Angelina author non-byline.; Nyathi Emanuel author non-byline.; Samie Amidou author non-byline.; Barrett Leah author non-byline.; Dillingham Rebecca author non-byline.; Gratz Jean author non-byline.; Guerrant Richard L author non-byline.; Houpt Eric author non-byline.; Petri William A author non-byline.; Platts-Mills James author non-byline.; Scharf Rebecca author non-byline.; Shrestha Binob author non-byline.; Shrestha Sanjaya Kumar author non-byline.; Strand Tor author non-byline.; Svensen Erling author non-byline.;
• Is Part Of: BMJ global health. Volume 3:Issue 4(2018)
• Publication Date: 2018-07-23
• Subjects: child health -- hygiene -- nutrition -- anaemia -- parasitology; World health -- Periodicals; 362.105
• DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000752
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2059-7908

Abstract

Abstract : Background: Millions of children in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) are at risk of not reaching their full cognitive potential. Malnutrition and enteric infections in early life are implicated as risk factors; however, most studies on these risks and their associations with cognitive development have failed to adequately account for confounding factors or the accumulation of putative insults. Here, we examine the interaction between infections and illness on cognitive development in LMIC community settings. Methods: As part of the Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development (MAL-ED) longitudinal birth cohort study, children from eight LMICs were followed from birth to 24 months to understand the influence of repeated enteric infections on child growth and development. Here, data from six sites were employed to evaluate associations between infection, illness, the home environment, micronutrient intake and status, maternal reasoning, and cognitive development at 24 months. Results: Higher rates of enteropathogen detection and days with illness were associated with lower haemoglobin concentrations, which in turn were associated with lower cognitive scores at 24 months. Children with lower environmental health/safety scores and lower intakes of vitamin B6 and folate had more enteropathogen detections and illness. Strength of associations varied by weight-for-age in the first 17 days of life; lower weight infants were more susceptible to the negative effects of enteropathogens and illness. Conclusions: Enteropathogens were negatively related to child cognitive development. However, other factors were more strongly associated with child cognition. Targeting of interventions to improve cognitive development should include a focus on reducing frequency of illness, improving the safety and healthfulness of the child's environment, and improving dietary intake.