Disentangling the influence of water limitation and simultaneous above and belowground herbivory on plant tolerance and resistance to stress. (31st May 2021)
- Record Type:
- Journal Article
- Title:
- Disentangling the influence of water limitation and simultaneous above and belowground herbivory on plant tolerance and resistance to stress. (31st May 2021)
- Main Title:
- Disentangling the influence of water limitation and simultaneous above and belowground herbivory on plant tolerance and resistance to stress
- Authors:
- Mundim, Fabiane M.
Vieira‐Neto, Ernane H. M.
Alborn, Hans
Bruna, Emilio M. - Abstract:
- Abstract: Plants face multiple biotic and abiotic stressors simultaneously. Many species can tolerate and resist stress, but countermeasures differ between roots and leaves. Since herbivores and environmental conditions modulate costs and benefits of plant defence traits, stress responses are context‐dependent. We examined whole‐plant tolerance and resistance responses to individual and combined effects of above and belowground herbivory under variable water conditions. We manipulated water availability and access by two common herbivores ( Spodoptera exigua caterpillars and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes) to Solanum lycocarpum . Plants were either watered based on historical regional averages or the 30% reduction predicted by IPCC studies. Herbivory treatments included isolated above (AG) and belowground (BG) attacks, simultaneous (AGBG) attacks and no‐herbivory controls. We then parameterized generalized linear mixed‐effects models with data on plant survival, leaf and root biomass accumulation, root complexity and terpenoid concentration. Foliar herbivory increased terpenoid concentrations in roots relative to no‐herbivory plants under control water but decreased concentrations in both roots and leaves under drought. Similarly, root feeders increased concentrations of terpenoids in leaves under control water but decreased concentrations only in roots under drought. Plants challenged with AGBG herbivory had greater whole‐plant biomass (i.e. tolerance) and lower totalAbstract: Plants face multiple biotic and abiotic stressors simultaneously. Many species can tolerate and resist stress, but countermeasures differ between roots and leaves. Since herbivores and environmental conditions modulate costs and benefits of plant defence traits, stress responses are context‐dependent. We examined whole‐plant tolerance and resistance responses to individual and combined effects of above and belowground herbivory under variable water conditions. We manipulated water availability and access by two common herbivores ( Spodoptera exigua caterpillars and Meloidogyne incognita nematodes) to Solanum lycocarpum . Plants were either watered based on historical regional averages or the 30% reduction predicted by IPCC studies. Herbivory treatments included isolated above (AG) and belowground (BG) attacks, simultaneous (AGBG) attacks and no‐herbivory controls. We then parameterized generalized linear mixed‐effects models with data on plant survival, leaf and root biomass accumulation, root complexity and terpenoid concentration. Foliar herbivory increased terpenoid concentrations in roots relative to no‐herbivory plants under control water but decreased concentrations in both roots and leaves under drought. Similarly, root feeders increased concentrations of terpenoids in leaves under control water but decreased concentrations only in roots under drought. Plants challenged with AGBG herbivory had greater whole‐plant biomass (i.e. tolerance) and lower total concentrations of defensive compounds (i.e. resistance) than plants exposed to no‐herbivore controls, regardless of water conditions. Importantly, the capacity of plants to grow or produce terpenoids changes when herbivory level is considered. In plants exposed to AGBG herbivory, greater nematode infection was related to decreases in whole‐plant biomass and marginal increases in total terpenoid concentration. Ultimately, accounting only for individual AG and BG responses would have led to different conclusions and underestimated the magnitude of S. lycocarpum 's compensatory responses. A 'whole‐plant' approach revealed that belowground herbivory is the primary driver of tolerance in plants surviving moderate water stress. Synthesis . Whole‐plant responses to stress in variable environments are complex, and their comprehensive understanding requires accounting for belowground herbivores and root responses. Abstract : Whole‐plant responses to stress in variable environments are complex, and their comprehensive understanding requires accounting for belowground herbivores and root responses. Resumo: Em ambientes naturais, plantas enfrentam simultaneamente múltiplos estresses bióticos e abióticos. Elas são capazes de tolerar e resistir esses estresses, porém medidas preventivas diferem entre folhas e raízes. Herbívoros e condições naturais modulam custos e benefícios de defesas das plantas. Assim, respostas das plantas à estresse são dependentes do contexto em que estão inseridas. Neste estudo, determinamos as respostas de tolerância e resistência de toda a planta e os efeitos individuais e combinados dos herbívoros acima e abaixo do solo, levando em consideração a variação na disponibilidade de água. Manipulamos a variação nas condições de água e o ataque de dois herbívoros comuns (lagartas Spodoptera exigua e nematoides Meloidogyne incognita ) em plantas Solanum lycocarpum (lobeira). A irrigação das plantas baseou‐se nas médias históricas regionais (controle) ou simulou 30% de redução previsto pelo IPCC. Os tratamentos de herbivoria consistiram em ataques nas folhas (AG), nas raízes (BG), simultâneos (AGBG) e nenhum ataque (controle). Utilizamos modelos lineares mistos generalizados para analisar os dados de sobrevivência da planta, biomassa acumulada e concentração de terpenoides nas folhas e raízes, além da complexidade da raiz. A herbivoria em folhas aumenta a concentração de terpenoides nas raízes em relação às plantas sem herbivoria sob condições controle de água, porém diminui a concentração nas folhas e raízes sob condições de redução de água. Similarmente, herbivoria em raízes aumenta a concentração de terpenoides nas folhas em condições controle de água, mas diminui a concentração nas raízes em condições de redução de água. Plantas sob herbivoria AGBG apresentaram maior biomassa total (tolerância) e menor concentração total de compostos defensivos (resistência) do que plantas sem nenhuma herbivoria, independente das condições de água. É importante ressaltar que a capacidade das plantas de crescer ou produzir terpenoides muda quando o nível de herbivoria é considerado. Em plantas sob herbivoria AGBG, uma maior infecção por nematoides foi relacionada a diminuição da biomassa da planta e ao aumento marginal da concentração total de terpenoides. Assim, considerar apenas respostas individuais AG e/ou BG pode resultar em diferentes conclusões e subestimar a magnitude das respostas compensatórias de S. lycocarpum . A perspectiva de toda a planta evidenciou que ataques em raízes são o principal fator que determina tolerância em plantas sobrevivendo sob moderado estresse de água. … (more)
- Is Part Of:
- Journal of ecology. Volume 109:Number 7(2021)
- Journal:
- Journal of ecology
- Issue:
- Volume 109:Number 7(2021)
- Issue Display:
- Volume 109, Issue 7 (2021)
- Year:
- 2021
- Volume:
- 109
- Issue:
- 7
- Issue Sort Value:
- 2021-0109-0007-0000
- Page Start:
- 2729
- Page End:
- 2739
- Publication Date:
- 2021-05-31
- Subjects:
- above and belowground herbivores -- drought -- growth and biomass overcompensation -- leaf and root damage -- secondary metabolites -- water limitation and stress
Plant ecology -- Periodicals
577.05 - Journal URLs:
- http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1365-2745 ↗
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/ ↗ - DOI:
- 10.1111/1365-2745.13684 ↗
- Languages:
- English
- ISSNs:
- 0022-0477
- Deposit Type:
- Legaldeposit
- View Content:
- Available online (eLD content is only available in our Reading Rooms) ↗
- Physical Locations:
- British Library DSC - 4972.000000
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British Library HMNTS - ELD Digital store - Ingest File:
- 17871.xml