Examining the direct and indirect effects of financial development on CO2 emissions for 88 developing countries. (1st September 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Khan, Muhammad; Ozturk, Ilhan
• Is Part Of: Journal of environmental management. Volume 293(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-09-01
• Subjects: Financial development -- CO2 emissions -- Economic development -- Interaction effects; Environmental policy -- Periodicals; Environmental management -- Periodicals; Environment -- Periodicals; Ecology -- Periodicals; 363.705
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112812
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0301-4797

Abstract

Abstract: The previous literature presents conflicting outcomes on the relationship between financial development and CO2 emissions. This study fixes this puzzle by testing both the direct and indirect effects of financial development on environmental pollution using Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. Our empirical investigation relies upon difference and system generalized method of moments for a large sample of 88 developing countries during 2000–2014 period. The estimated outcomes, based on five different indicators of financial development, support the pollution inhibiting role of financial development for the selected countries. We also validate the existence of EKC hypothesis for the panel of economies. More importantly, the results of the indirect channels show that financial development also reduces the adverse effects of income, trade openness and FDI on the pollution emissions. Further, the validity of pollution heaven hypothesis (PHH), tested through trade openness and FDI variables, is also contingent upon the existence of weak financial structure. When financial development traverses certain limits, PHH ceases to exist for both these variables. Lastly, population size augments pollution emissions while human capital reduces the later. Based on these results, we propose some very important policy implications for the sample economies. Highlights: Effects of financial development on environmental pollution for 88 developing countries examined. The results support the pollution inhibiting role of financial development. Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for the panel of economies is validated. Financial development reduces the adverse effects of income, trade openness and FDI on the pollution emissions. Population size augments pollution emissions while human capital reduces the later.