Individual focused studies of functional brain development in early human infancy. (August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Poppe, Tanya; Willers Moore, Jucha; Arichi, Tomoki
• Is Part Of: Current opinion in behavioral sciences. Volume 40(2021)
• Page Start: 137
• Page End: 143
• Publication Date: 2021-08
• Subjects: Psychology -- Periodicals; 150.5
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.017
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 2352-1546

Abstract

Highlights: Neurovascular coupling and functional connectivity rapidly mature in the perinatal period. The relationship between brain activity and behavioral state in infancy is poorly understood. Longitudinal infant fMRI studies are needed to explore how activity relates to later outcome. Abstract : Across the perinatal period, the human brain undergoes a rapid yet highly programmed sequence of maturation. In this time, neural activity has a key role in establishing the brain's early circuits and guiding essential processes including cell differentiation, neuronal and axonal growth, arborization and synaptogenesis. fMRI studies of young infants hold great potential to understand developmental changes in systems-wide activity and their relationship to regional growth and development. These studies have shown that the brain's activity rapidly evolves across the perinatal period, as neurovascular coupling matures and resting state networks are established. The high variability of spatial and temporal properties in functional activity may be attributed to the sensitivity of neurovascular coupling to developing cellular structure and connectivity as well as fluctuations in cerebral physiology, behavioral state, and pathology. Longitudinal studies may precisely explore these relationships and provide mechanistic understanding of the relationship between physiology, behavior, injury, and functional activity.