In vitro assays on the susceptibility of four species of nematophagous fungi to anthelmintics and chemical fungicides/antifungal drug. (15th June 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Wang, B.; Zhang, N.; Gong, P.; Li, J.; Wang, X.; Li, X.; Wang, F.; Cai, K.; Zhang, X.
• Is Part Of: Letters in applied microbiology. Volume 73:Number 2(2021)
• Page Start: 124
• Page End: 131
• Publication Date: 2021-06-15
• Subjects: amphotericin B -- benzimidazoles -- ivermectin -- ketoconazole -- levamisole -- nematophagous fungi; Microbiology -- Periodicals; 660.62
• DOI: 10.1111/lam.13462
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0266-8254

Abstract

Abstract: Using nematophagous fungi for the biological control of animal parasitic nematodes will become one of the most promising strategies in the search for alternative chemical drugs. The purpose of this study was to check the in vitro activity of four anthelmintics, four chemical fungicides and two antifungal drugs on the spore germination of nematophagous fungi: Duddingtonia flagrans (SF170), Arthrobotrys oligospora (447), Arthrobotrys superba (435) and Arthrobotrys sp. (PS011). A modified 24‐well cell culture plate assay was conducted to evaluate the susceptibility of nematophagous fungi against drugs tested by calculating the effective middle concentrations (EC50 ) of each tested drug to inhibit the germination of fungal spores. EC50 ranged between 0·7 and 47·2 μg ml −1 for fenbendazole, thiabendazole and ivermectin, except levamisole (546·5–4057·8 μg ml −1 ). EC50 of tested fungicides was 0·6–2·3 μg ml −1 for carbendazim, 55·9–247·4 μg ml −1 for metalaxyl, 24·4–45·2 μg ml −1 for difenoconazole, and 555·9–1438·3 μg ml −1 for pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB). EC50 of two antifungal drugs was 0·03–3·4 μg ml −1 for amphotericin B and 0·3–10·9 μg ml −1 for ketoconazole. The results showed that 10 tested drugs, except for levamisole and PCNB, had in vitro inhibitory effects on nematophagous fungi. The chlamydospores of D . flagrans had the highest sensitivity to nine tested drugs, except for ketoconazole. Abstract : Significance and Impact of the Study: To further understand the compatibility of nematophagous fungi with antiparasitic drugs, this study aimed to assess the in vitro activity of four anthelmintics usually used in veterinary medicine on the spore germination of four nematophagous fungi. As the sensitivity of different microorganisms to chemical drugs varies, this study investigated the effects of two antifungal drugs used in medicine and four chemical fungicides commonly used in agriculture on the fungal isolates.