Single and combined effects of regulated and emerging mycotoxins on viability and mitochondrial function of SH-SY5Y cells. (August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Pérez-Fuentes, Nadia; Alvariño, Rebeca; Alfonso, Amparo; González-Jartín, Jesús; Gegunde, Sandra; Vieytes, Mercedes R.; Botana, Luis M.
• Is Part Of: Food and chemical toxicology. Volume 154(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-08
• Subjects: Mycotoxin -- Emerging -- Cytotoxicity -- Antagonistic -- Apoptosis; ATCC American Type Culture Collection -- BBB blood brain barrier -- BEA beauvericin -- CI confidence interval -- ΔΨm mitochondrial membrane potential -- DON deoxynivalenol -- EFSA European Food Safety Authority -- ENN enniatin -- FB1 fumonisin: B1 -- LDH lactate dehydrogenase -- MTT 3-(4, 5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide -- NA not applicable -- PBS phosphate buffered saline -- PI propidium iodide -- ROS reactive oxygen species -- Rot rotenone -- STS staurosporine -- TMRM tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester -- UHPLC-MS/MS ultra-high liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry -- ZEA zearalenone; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Food poisoning -- Periodicals; Food Poisoning -- Periodicals; Toxicology -- Periodicals; Toxicologie -- Périodiques; Intoxications alimentaires -- Périodiques; Food poisoning; Toxicology; Periodicals; Electronic journals; 615.9
• DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112308
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0278-6915

Abstract

Abstract: Co-occurrence of emerging and regulated mycotoxins in contaminated samples has been widely documented, but studies about their combined toxicity are scarce. In this report, the regulated mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, fumonisin B1 and zearalenone, and the emerging ones enniatin A, enniatin B and beauvericin were tested in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Their individual and binary combined effects on cell viability and mitochondrial function were evaluated. The results with individual mycotoxins revealed that deoxynivalenol and emerging mycotoxins were the most damaging to neuronal cells, presenting IC50 values between 0.35 and 2.4 μM. Interestingly, non-regulated mycotoxins triggered apoptosis by affecting to mitochondrial membrane potential. However, when regulated and non-regulated mycotoxins were binary mixed, antagonistic effects were found in all cases. Finally, cow feed and milk extracts were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS, detecting the presence of several mycotoxins included in this study. These extracts were tested in neuroblastoma cells, and damaging effects on cell viability were found. Although binary combinations of mycotoxins produced antagonistic effects, their mixture in natural matrixes induces greater effects than expected. Therefore, it would be interesting to explore the matrix influence on mycotoxin toxicity, and to continue studying the neurotoxic mechanism of action of emerging mycotoxins, as they could be a health hazard. Highlights: Deoxynivalenol and emerging mycotoxins were the most damaging to neuronal cells. Binary mixtures of regulated and emerging mycotoxins produced antagonism. Emerging mycotoxins triggered apoptosis by affecting to mitochondria. Cow feed and milk contaminated extracts induced greater toxic effects than expected.