Evaluation of fracture behavior of modified Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) under modes I and II at low and intermediate temperatures. (August 2021)

• Record Type: Journal Article
• Authors: Zarei, Mohammad; Abdi Kordani, Ali; Zahedi, Mohsen
• Is Part Of: Theoretical and applied fracture mechanics. Volume 114(2021)
• Publication Date: 2021-08
• Subjects: Warm Mix Asphalt -- Fracture energy -- Fracture toughness -- Vertical and angular cracks -- Pure modes I and II; Fracture mechanics -- Periodicals; 620.1126
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tafmec.2021.103015
• Languages: English
• ISSNs: 0167-8442

Abstract

Graphical abstract: Highlights: Pure mode I was modeled for angular crack to evaluate the fracture behavior of WMA. The presence of coarse aggregates in the ligament part affected the fracture energy. Calcium Lignosulfonate and Polyester fiber improved the fracture behavior of WMA. Mixtures containing Calcium Lignosulfonate and Polyester fiber had flexible fracture. WMA modified with additives can be used for environmental purposes. Abstract: Cracking is considered to be one of the most important distress of the Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) mixture, which can occur in different climatic conditions due to a lack of proper bonds between aggregate and bitumen. Since the WMA mixture consists of coarse aggregates in different parts of the asphalt layer, cracks can develop and grow at an angular position. Therefore, this study investigates the fracture behavior of WMA mixtures under vertical (Pure mode II) and angular (Pure mode I) cracking states using a semi-circular bend (SCB) sample at −18 °C and +25 °C using the fracture mechanics method. To improve the WMA mixture's performance, additives of Calcium Lignosulfonate (CL) and waste Polyester (PE) fibers, which were economically justifiable, were used separately and simultaneously in different percentages. According to numerical-experimental results, the proposed samples in both pure mode I (angular crack) and pure mode II (vertical crack) were able to model the WMA's fracture behavior and therefore can be used as suitable specimens for studying the pure mode crack deformation of WMA at intermediate and low temperatures. The results also showed that the coarse aggregate distribution in the ligament section of the specimen had a significant contribution in improving the WMA mixture's fracture performance. As a result, fracture energy (GF ), fracture toughness (KI and KII ), The Flexibility Index (FI), Cracking Resistance Index (CRI), and the Toughness Index (TI) depended on the type of additive used in the WMA mixture. Finally, 0.25PE-6CL, 0.25PE, and 6CL mixtures had the best results in terms of fracture mechanics.